Earthquake disaster refers to the strong ground vibration caused by earthquake and the associated ground cracks and deformation, which makes all kinds of buildings(construct)Buildings collapse and damage, equipment and facilities are damaged, traffic and communication are interrupted and other lifeline engineering facilities are destroyed, and the resulting disasters such as fire, explosion, plague, toxic substance leakage, radioactive pollution, site destruction and so on cause human and animal casualties and property losses.

Causes of natural disasters caused by earthquakes

The earth can be divided into three layers. The central layer is the core, which is mainly composed of iron.;In the middle is the mantle.;The outer layer is the crust. The earth’s crust is not a complete rock, but is composed of plates with different sizes embedded in each other, of which the largest seven are Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, North American plate, South American plate, Pacific plate, India-Australia plate and Africa plate. The interior of the earth’s crust is constantly changing, resulting in the action of force.(That is, internal force action), make the crustal rock deformation, fracture, dislocation, and then an earthquake.

Earthquake disasters are sudden and unpredictable, and have high frequency, and produce serious secondary disasters. According to magnitude, it can be divided into seven categories.:Ultramicro-earthquake(Magnitude less thanonelevel)Weak earthquake(Magnitude less thanthreeLevel, people are generally not easy to perceive)Feel the earthquake(Magnitude greater than or equal tothreeLevel, less than4.5Level, people can feel, but generally will not cause damage.)Moderate and strong earthquakes(Magnitude greater than or equal to4.5Level, less thansixLevel, can cause damage to the earthquake.)Strong earthquake(Magnitude greater than or equal tosixLevel, less thansevenlevel)A major earthquake(Magnitude greater than or equal tosevenlevel)And a huge earthquake(Magnitude greater than or equal toeightlevel).

　　The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to further promote ecological civilization construction and green and low-carbon development, and actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to coordinate the two overall domestic and international situations. It is an inevitable choice to solve the outstanding problems of resource and environmental constraints and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. It is also a solemn commitment to build a community of human destiny. "Actively and steadily" embodies the general tone of promoting the "double carbon" work, which means that we should base ourselves on China’s energy resources endowment, stabilize the pace of work, implement the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action step by step in a planned way, and incorporate peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality into the overall layout of economic and social development and ecological civilization construction.

　　Deeply understand the meaning of "double carbon"

　　Actively and steadily promoting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is the only way for China to seek inclusive growth, promote high-quality development and realize the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the new stage of development, which reflects China’s active responsibility for the future and destiny of man and nature.

　　Peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality is an inevitable requirement to promote Chinese modernization. An important feature of Chinese modernization is the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. It is necessary to create more material wealth and spiritual wealth to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, and to provide more high-quality ecological products to meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment. Realizing carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is helpful to promote the development of green and low-carbon cycle, effectively support the construction of modern economic system, promote the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of production mode and lifestyle, and continuously and effectively improve the quality of ecological environment, which has a high degree of unity and coordination with the main goal of building a beautiful China, and is the proper meaning of comprehensively promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is an inherent requirement to promote high-quality development. High-quality development is in line with the new development concept, and adhering to high-quality development is the last word of the new era. To achieve the goal of "double carbon", we need to promote a series of major technological innovations and institutional changes, and enhance the driving force of innovation for development; The hard constraint of carbon emission required by the goal of "double carbon" is conducive to promoting the optimization of industrial spatial layout and the coordinated development between urban and rural areas, regions and industries, and enhancing the overall coordination of development; The green development concept contained in "Double Carbon" will also help China to better integrate into and lead the development trend of the world today. Therefore, achieving carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is both an important goal and an important starting point for high-quality development.

　　Carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is an important guarantee for energy and ecological environment security. China’s energy structure is dominated by coal, and it still depends on imported oil and gas. On the one hand, coal mining and use are easy to damage the ecological environment, and then threaten the safety of the ecological environment; On the other hand, there are many uncertain factors in the external environment, which may adversely affect China’s oil and gas imports, thus affecting energy security. The promotion of "double carbon" work is conducive to reducing the dependence of economic and social development on fossil energy such as coal and oil and gas, thus improving the level of energy security and ecological environment security.

　　Carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is an important measure to promote the construction of a community of human destiny. Achieving carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is an important part of building a community of human destiny and an important means to actively participate in global climate governance. China’s vigorous promotion of "double carbon" will bring huge green investment and green trade opportunities to all countries, support other countries to achieve low-carbon development and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, promote the establishment of a fair and reasonable global climate governance system with win-win cooperation, and make significant contributions to global green sustainable development.

　　Grasping the goal of "double carbon" with the concept of system

　　The realization of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is a broad and profound systematic economic and social change, which needs to be considered comprehensively with systematic concept and dialectical thinking, scientifically grasp the rhythm, and pay attention to the integrity, relevance and coordination of all work.

　　The first is to achieve two-way force on the supply side and the demand side. To do a good job in economic work in the new era, we must persist in deepening supply-side structural reform and focus on expanding effective demand synergy. To actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, we not only need to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of industrial system, energy system and transportation system on the supply side, but also need to promote the creation of a huge green and low-carbon product and service market on the demand side, so as to better promote the development of supply in the direction of green and low-carbon, and achieve a high-level balance between supply and demand. At present, an important direction to expand domestic demand is to cultivate and develop green consumption, which is highly consistent with the requirements of "double carbon" work.

　　The second is to achieve technological innovation and institutional innovation. In recent years, China’s green low-carbon technology has made breakthroughs in many fields, but there is still a big gap from the requirements of "double carbon" work. It is necessary to strengthen the core technology, "stuck neck" technology and key parts in the green low-carbon field. At the same time, it is necessary to further optimize the relevant institutional mechanisms through institutional innovation, create conditions to promote the transformation from "double control" of energy consumption to "double control" of total carbon emissions and intensity, and enhance the internal motivation of carbon reduction.

　　The third is to realize two-wheel drive between the government and the market. Promoting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is a typical process with positive economic externalities, which cannot be separated from the effective support of the government. Governments at all levels should play a better role, formulate action plans and make overall plans to do a good job in "double carbon" work. At the same time, we should give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and constantly improve the efficiency of carbon reduction and save costs. We can consider introducing carbon emission reduction measures in taxation, finance, finance and trade, forming a green and low-carbon policy system, vigorously improving the national carbon trading market, and making greater use of market-oriented mechanisms to promote the "double carbon" work.

　　The fourth is to achieve coordinated carbon reduction between regions. China has a vast territory, and there are great differences in economic development, technical level, industrial structure, resource endowment and functional orientation among regions. Different regions should actively explore carbon reduction paths suitable for their own regions, which can be achieved through collaborative optimization of industrial structure and energy structure, collaborative innovation of green and low-carbon technologies, "double-carbon" planning and coordinated docking of policies. At present, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, Chengdu-Chongqing region and other regions have carried out some beneficial explorations of regional coordinated carbon reduction, and then they need to continue to promote it in a larger scale throughout the country.

　　The fifth is to achieve domestic and international mutual support. To promote the "double carbon" work, it is necessary to coordinate the two overall domestic and international situations, not only to make full use of the domestic market and resources, but also to actively use the favorable international conditions. First, on the basis of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, learn from and absorb international advanced low-carbon technologies, and cooperate with relevant enterprises and institutions to carry out technological innovation and cultivate technical talents. Second, in the process of actively participating in and leading global climate governance, we will continuously enhance the international influence and competitiveness of China’s green and low-carbon industries. Third, accelerate the docking of rules and systems related to international climate governance, such as establishing an internationally influential carbon emission trading market and improving standards for carbon emission accounting, reporting and verification.

　　Adhere to the bottom line thinking and promote the work of "double carbon"

　　To actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, we must adhere to the principle of risk prevention, adhere to the bottom line thinking, make overall plans for development and safety, create preconditions for achieving the goal of "double carbon", and promote the work of "double carbon" step by step in a planned way, so as to truly become an important starting point for promoting high-quality development.

　　First, scientifically control the "double carbon" work rhythm. Striving to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 is a scientific strategic arrangement put forward by the CPC Central Committee after careful consideration. We must adhere to the overall deployment, classified policies, systematic promotion, and key breakthroughs. All regions, fields and industries should scientifically plan carbon reduction work according to their actual conditions. Areas with conditions can try first and explore first, while areas without conditions should strive to create conditions to ensure safe, orderly and safe carbon reduction.

　　The second is to coordinate energy transformation and energy security. Building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system is an inevitable requirement to achieve the goal of "double carbon". In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in the field of new energy, but there are also a series of technical problems to be overcome. Energy transformation should promote the clean and efficient use of fossil energy, adhere to the principle of saving first, and at the same time, base on China’s energy resource endowment, adhere to the principle of first establishing and then breaking, and steadily advance, ensure that the gradual withdrawal of traditional energy is based on the safe and reliable substitution of new energy, and ensure the safety of energy supply.

　　The third is to jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening and growth. Carbon reduction, focusing on reducing pollutant emissions from the source; Pollution reduction focuses on improving the quality of the ecological environment; Green expansion focuses on improving the diversity, stability and sustainability of ecosystems; Growth is mainly reflected in accelerating green transformation and development, promoting industrial restructuring, and supporting high-quality development with high-quality ecological environment. On the whole, they are intertwined and mutually reinforcing. We must adhere to the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, seek a dynamic balance among multiple goals, and incorporate it into the overall layout of ecological civilization construction and the overall economic and social development.

　　The fourth is to encourage people to try first. It is a successful practice for China to promote reform by piloting first and then popularizing. Carbon emissions trading is gradually established after pilot promotion. At present, the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market has been officially launched, and the construction of pilot cities and parks in peak carbon dioxide emissions has also been implemented. In the future, more carbon reduction policies and measures will be introduced to carry out the "double carbon" work. We can encourage qualified areas to explore boldly, try first, and then gradually push away on the basis of summing up experience.

　　(The author Zhang Youguo is a researcher at the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences, and the deputy director of the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics)

Su Shi Jian Gui [2020] No.6

The market supervision bureaus of all districts and cities, the offices (bureaus) of the Provincial Bureau and the directly affiliated units:

The measures for the administration of credit evaluation of inspection and testing institutions in Jiangsu Province, considered and adopted at the executive meeting of the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them.

　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Jiangsu province market supervision management bureau

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　December 25, 2020

　

Measures for the administration of credit evaluation of inspection and testing institutions in Jiangsu Province

　

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 In order to strengthen the supervision and management of inspection and testing institutions and the construction of credit system, standardize inspection and testing behaviors, improve the supervision level, promote the development of the industry, and better serve the high-quality development of the economy and society, According to the Administrative Measures for Accreditation of Inspection and Testing Institutions (Order No.163 of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine), the Implementation Opinions of the Provincial Government on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Certification System and Promoting Total Quality Management (Su Zhengfa [2018] No.125), and the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the Provincial Government on Accelerating the Construction of Social Credit System and Building a New Credit-based Supervision Mechanism (Su Zhengfa [2020] No.10), etc.

Article 2 The term "inspection and testing institutions" as mentioned in these Measures refers to professional and technical organizations that have been established according to law and obtained the qualification certificate of inspection and testing institutions issued by Jiangsu Provincial Market Supervision Administration (hereinafter referred to as the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau).

The term "credit evaluation" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities of the market supervision and management department to evaluate the credit status of inspection and testing institutions relying on the inspection and testing supervision service platform of Jiangsu Province (hereinafter referred to as Su Jiantong).

Third provincial market supervision bureau unified management of the province’s inspection and testing institutions credit evaluation. Responsible for the construction of credit evaluation index system of inspection and testing institutions, the compilation and revision of credit evaluation catalogue list, the guidance and promotion of credit evaluation of inspection and testing institutions, the supervision and guidance of classification and supervision, and the joint rewards and punishments.

Market supervision and management departments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the credit evaluation of inspection and testing institutions within their respective administrative areas, and carry out classified supervision and related work according to the credit evaluation results.

Article 4 The credit evaluation of inspection and testing institutions shall follow the principles of compliance with laws and regulations, comprehensive coverage, standardization and transparency, dynamic management and effective operation.

Chapter II Construction of Credit Files

Fifth, relying on the platform of Jiangsu Inspection and Communication, and using intelligent supervision means, we will promote the informatization construction of credit supervision files of inspection and testing institutions in the province.

Article 6 The Provincial Market Supervision Bureau shall establish the credit files of inspection and testing institutions on the platform of Jiangsu Inspection and Communication, and record the credit information of inspection and testing institutions according to the list of credit information. Market supervision and management departments at all levels in the province shall, in accordance with the principle of "who produces, who collects and who is responsible", record the credit information of inspection and testing institutions in a timely, accurate, standardized and complete manner.

Article 7 The list of credit file information of inspection and testing institutions includes (not limited to) the following contents:

(1) Basic information of the institution. Information such as legal name, unified social credit code, address, main instruments and equipment and environment, main management and technical personnel, contact person, telephone number, business license (or certificate of enterprise legal person or other legal person certification documents), qualification certificate and schedule.

(2) Publicity information of online credit commitment of institutions. Support and encourage inspection and testing institutions to voluntarily fill in credit information such as qualification certificates, inspection and testing activities, contract performance, commendation and awards, social welfare, etc., and make public credit commitments on the authenticity of information, and carry out active and self-disciplined credit commitments and publicity.

(3) Administrative confirmation information. Relevant information such as the provincial product quality supervision and inspection center, the provincial industrial measurement and testing center and the provincial measurement center approved for establishment or preparation.

(four) illegal information. Information on the results of judicial judgment, administrative punishment, administrative coercion, etc.

(5) Information on performance ability. Ability verification, direct annual report, real estate and chattel mortgage registration, equity pledge registration, intellectual property pledge registration, trademark registration and other information.

(6) Other information. Commendations and awards granted by the people’s governments at or above the municipal level and their departments and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs; Participate in voluntary service and charitable donation activities; Participate in major epidemics, natural disaster service management, social responsibility and other information; Participate in the Yangtze River Delta integration, inspection and testing of high-tech service industry clusters and other base construction, leading the development of the industry and other information.

Chapter III Classification of Credit Evaluation Levels

Eighth provincial market supervision bureau according to the credit evaluation directory list of inspection and testing institutions to implement credit evaluation, using dynamic scoring system. The credit evaluation results of inspection and testing institutions are divided into five levels: AA, A, B, C and D from high to low.

AA level (demonstration): credit score of 90 or above;

Grade A (trust): the credit score is 80 -89;

Grade B (encouraged): the credit score is 70 -79;

Grade C (spur): the credit score is 60 -69;

Grade D (rectification): the credit score is below 60.

Article 9 The initial credit score of the inspection and testing institution is 80 when the credit evaluation is first carried out by using the platform of Jiangsu Inspection and Communication.

Chapter IV Application of Credit Evaluation Results

Article 10 The Provincial Market Supervision Bureau shall push the credit evaluation results of inspection and testing institutions in the previous year to market supervision and management departments at all levels in January every year by using the platform of Jiangsu Inspection and Communication, and publicize them in batches.

Article 11 After the inspection and testing institutions voluntarily apply for registration on the platform of Sujitong, they can inquire about the dynamic credit status and apply for credit repair according to relevant regulations.

Twelfth market supervision and management departments at all levels shall, on the basis of the credit evaluation results, supervise the inspection and testing institutions at different levels. For inspection and testing institutions with good AA and A credit status and low risk, the proportion of spot checks and the frequency of supervision should be reasonably reduced; For inspection and testing institutions with general B-level credit status, the proportion of routine spot checks and the frequency of supervision shall be implemented; For inspection and testing institutions with C and D levels of violation of laws and trust, high social concern, high risk level and many complaints and reports, increase the proportion of spot checks and the frequency of supervision, take corresponding measures and implement joint punishment.

Thirteenth in the province’s government departments at all levels to buy inspection and testing services, the credit evaluation results as an important reference, give priority to the use of credit evaluation results for A level and above inspection and testing institutions.

Fourteenth priority is given to the inspection and testing institutions whose credit evaluation results are Grade A and above to apply for compulsory product certification and designate inspection and testing institutions.

Fifteenth priority is recommended to the inspection and testing institutions whose credit evaluation results are Grade A and above to declare the quality awards at all levels in Jiangsu Province.

Sixteenth to promote mutual recognition of credit evaluation results of inspection and testing institutions in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Seventeenth approach by the Jiangsu Provincial Market Supervision Administration is responsible for the interpretation of.

Article 18 These Measures shall come into force as of February 1, 2021, and the original Administrative Measures for Credit Evaluation of Inspection and Testing Institutions in Jiangsu Province (Trial) (No.1 [2017] of Jiangsu Quality Supervision Bureau) shall be abolished at the same time.

(For details, please refer to the PDF bulletin.)

Browse and download the PDF version of the bulletin:Notice of Jiangsu Provincial Market Supervision Administration on Printing and Distributing the Administrative Measures for Credit Evaluation of Inspection and Testing Institutions in Jiangsu Province (No.6 [2020] of Jiangsu Municipality). pdf