I have seen a detailed comparison between Toyota and Nissan from the outside to the inside. So what about the engines of these two cars? What’s the difference between CVT gearboxes? Today we will open it for everyone to see!

engine

Flanders is equipped with a 2.0L self-priming four-cylinder engine, which is a classic M20 series with a maximum power of 126kW and a maximum torque of only 205nm.

Nissan hacker is equipped with a 1.3T turbocharged four-cylinder engine, model HR13, with a maximum power of 116kW and a maximum torque of 270Nm. This engine was actually developed by Nissan Renault in cooperation with Mercedes-Benz, so it can be seen in Class B and Nissan Renault cars.

This M20 engine is made of aluminum alloy block from top to bottom, and adopts Toyota D-4 mixed injection technology, which can be compatible with manifold injection and direct injection in cylinder at the same time, and the thermal efficiency of the whole engine is as high as 40%.

This M20 engine adopts laser side skirt piston, which improves the oil retention and scratch resistance. In addition, the cylinder is made of diamond-like carbon electroplating material and coated by physical vapor deposition technology to achieve the effects of high hardness, high elasticity, high inertia and low friction.

Hacker’s engine is also an all-aluminum cylinder from top to bottom. What is different is that this engine adopts a triangular cylinder head, which makes the exhaust gas closer to the engine center. The compact design makes the engine lose about 3 kilograms. In addition, the cylinder bore coating technology of Nissan’s new generation Nanoslide is adopted in the cylinder body, and the coating materials such as iron or carbon are instantly melted by high-voltage arc and evenly sprayed on the inner wall of lightweight aluminum alloy cylinder, so that the mechanical friction loss of the cylinder is reduced by 50% compared with that of the traditional gray cast iron cylinder liner, and at the same time, it has very high wear resistance.

In addition, the engine of hacker also uses an electronically controlled wastegate valve, which can change the opening pressure of the bypass valve. The later the opening time of the solenoid valve, the greater the boost pressure and the higher the power torque of the engine. In fact, this is how many engines adjust their high and low power. On the engine external characteristic curve, the speed at which the torque curve begins to decrease is the time for the bypass valve to open.

Looking at the exhaust part, Flanders uses a common exhaust manifold. Hacker is the latest integrated exhaust manifold. When the car is cold, the high temperature of the exhaust manifold can quickly heat the coolant, and when the engine is under high load, the coolant can also cool the exhaust. When the exhaust temperature is lowered, the pollutant content in the exhaust gas will be significantly reduced, which will help the engine meet more stringent environmental regulations. At the same time, because the integrated exhaust and cylinder body are almost integrated, the weight of the engine can be further reduced by about 3 kg.

The particle catcher in Flanders is far away from the engine, and the temperature is relatively low, which is not conducive to burning particles and is easy to block the particle catcher. The hacker’s particle catcher is close to the exhaust end of the engine, which can reduce the particle catcher by using the high temperature of the exhaust, making it difficult to block.

continuously variable transmission

Both Flanders and hackers match CVT gearboxes, but after disassembling, they are not the same.

Flanders use steel belt structure, and most CVT gearboxes are like this at present. The supplier of this steel belt is Bosch, which consists of numerous wedge-shaped steel sheets connected in series through two flexible steel belts. The biggest advantage of steel belt drive is low cost, and it can also reduce the size of gearbox. However, the disadvantage is that the maximum torque of power output will not be very large, and "slipping" may occur during rapid acceleration, and the instantaneous power transmission efficiency will become low. Moreover, it is sensitive to high temperature and low temperature, and the probability of steel strip fracture is relatively high.

Although hacker is also a CVT gearbox, it is no longer the previous Nissan CVT, and the steel belt drive is replaced by the steel chain drive of Schaeffler, Germany. Steel chain is countless perforated steel sheets connected by chain, and its strength and durability are much stronger than that of steel belt. The friction with the bevel wheel will be greater, and it can bear a large torque of 450 Nm, and the power loss during rapid acceleration is less, and it is not easy to "slip". However, the steel chain has high cost and relatively large volume, but it is more "anti-manufacturing", so it often appears in some cars that pay attention to power. For example, Audi A4 and Subaru XV all use CVT gearboxes driven by Schaeffler steel chain.

The CVT gearbox of Flanders uses Toyota’s "Drirect Shift-CVT" technology, that is, a gear is added in front of the CVT transmission wheel. When starting, the gear can be directly driven to avoid the loss of power due to the "slipping" of the starting steel belt, which is also a remedy for the weakness of its CVT gearbox.

Because the CVT of Fenglanda is driven by steel belt, it can’t output large torque, so only a mechanical oil pump is equipped to spray and lubricate the interior of the gearbox. The hacker uses steel chain transmission, which needs better heat dissipation, so the electronic high-pressure oil pump is used to provide higher oil pressure.

summary

Buy who? be clear/manifest at a glance

Through the dismantling of Toyota Fenglanda and Nissan hacker, Toyota is still the Toyota that pursues "enough is good". On the other hand, Nissan hackers are striving for change, "leaving Asia and entering Europe", using a higher-level Loulan platform, using a large number of aluminum alloys to lose weight, using a brand-new 1.3T turbocharged four-cylinder engine and using a steel chain CVT gearbox. To tell the truth, it’s really unexpected that Nissan can make such a change!

Then, how do you choose these two compact joint venture Japanese SUVs with similar prices? If you just want to buy a cheap, home, not too much pursuit of driving and motivation, then Feng Landa can do it. And if you want a young and fashionable appearance and high configuration, you have a certain pursuit of power and driving control. That’s obviously more value for money!(The conclusion of the measurement data in this article and the video is only responsible for this car, and the measurement data is responsible for the publicized experimental method. )

Total score of 2023 Toyota Flanders

Total score of 2023 Nissan hackers

　 　 　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network　With the momentum of (hereinafter referred to as "Former 3") slowing down, the popularity of the mainland film market cooled slightly in the second week of 2018 (from January 8 to January 14, 2018), and the total box office closed at around 1.1 billion, down 600 million from the previous month, which was very close to the decrease in the box office of "Former 3" compared with last week’s data.

　 　 　 　　However, Previous 3, which has been released for three weeks, still topped the weekly list with a strength of about 460 million, and the cumulative box office has exceeded 1.76 billion. This week, the key new films were ranked second and third. The former won the weekend box office championship with 257 million yuan, and the latter gained nearly 140 million yuan in three days after its release.

Mainland Weekly Box Office Rankings:

"Former 3" broke the 1.7 billion movie history, and the eighth "Don’t Ask West East" broke the word-of-mouth box office.

Ask nothing about the west and the east

　 　 　 　　Compared with last week’s market performance, this week’s box office trend of "Former 3" has returned to a stable level after a slight cooling. However, as an "old film" that has been released for three weeks, "Former 3" still maintained a strong performance of contributing nearly 70% of the box office output with a film schedule of about 40% in the first four working days of this week, and finally accounted for 460 million. Through a comprehensive re-release, the film accurately positioned the aesthetic orientation of the audience in third-and fourth-tier cities, the post-1995 group and some female consumers, which made "Former 3" an eye-catching achievement today. At present, the cumulative box office of the film has exceeded 1.76 billion, and it has successfully entered the TOP10 of the mainland film history, ranking eighth.

　 　 　 　　This week, another high-profile Chinese-language film, No Questions, West and East, was opened. Although it has been six years since the announcement of the filming to the release, the super-strong lineup composed of Zhang Ziyi, Huang Xiaoming, Zhang zhen and Wang Leehom still makes people look forward to it. Based on the time clues of the history of Tsinghua University, this paper tells the life trajectories of different characters in different time and space, and reveals and sublimates the theme of good and evil and human nature. The story style of "Nothing to Ask about the West" is full of literary flavor.

　 　 　 　　On the first day of painting, the film ranked third in the box office list, and Douban scored 6.2. With the widespread discussion and word-of-mouth fermentation after the film was released, the score gradually rose to 7.4 points, ranking among the top films released in the same period. This change is also reflected in the first weekend box office performance of "Don’t Ask West East": the film finally attracted nearly 140 million yuan in three days, and the box office in a single day rose from the initial 35 million to 53 million.

The Brave Game attracted 250 million yuan in the first three days of the week, and then pressed Star Wars 8 in the mainland market.

Brave Game: Battle of the Jungle

　 　 　 　　As a classic work, The Brave Game: The Battle of the Jungle (hereinafter referred to as the Brave Game) is undoubtedly a great success. Previously, the film has taken the lead in painting in North America and many other countries and regions, and both box office and word-of-mouth have achieved a double harvest. In the face of its strong rival Star Wars: The Last Jedi (hereinafter referred to as Star Wars 8), The Brave Game has achieved counter-attacks in many major ticket warehouses around the world.

　 　 　 　　Coming to the mainland market is no exception: Star Wars 8, which just landed in the mainland cinema last week, did not have much room to play under the strong suppression of Previous 3, and its painting performance even set the worst result in this series in recent years. In addition, China audiences don’t have many "Star Wars" series complexes. Therefore, after the next week, even if the momentum of "Previous 3" slows down, Star Wars 8 has no improvement. At present, the cumulative box office has just passed 250 million, and it is expected that the total box office will hardly break through the 300 million mark.

　 　 　 　　On the other hand, "The Brave Game" occupied the first place in the single-day box office list after it was released on Friday. On the first day, it attracted nearly 78 million yuan (including zero point field), broke through 100 million yuan in a single day the next day, and recorded about 80 million yuan on Sunday. Only counting the box office of the first 3-day weekend, the 257 million Brave Game has surpassed its biggest rival, Star Wars 8, in the mainland market. At present, audience ratings of Douban, Cat’s Eye and Taobao Film are higher than the latter, and the final box office is expected to be higher than 500 million.

Week 3: Li Bingbing’s return to the tomb was touched.

　 　 　 　　There are many kinds of film works that will meet the mainland audience in the third week of 2018, and there are many excellent works with high reputation.

　 　 　 　　In 1980s, The True Color of Heroes, written by Chow Yun Fat and Leslie Cheung, not only made Hong Kong films an eternal classic, but also became a memory in the hearts of a generation. Now, this work has been restarted by director Sheng Ding again, and will be performed by Wang Kai, Ray Ma and Darren Wang in a new era. Will it satisfy the original fans? The answer will be found on January 18th. Li Bingbing, who hasn’t released a new film for a long time, this time cooperated with Chun Wu, the "frozen age male god", to bring a co-production film, which tells the thrilling exploration of the mysterious underground world by a professional search and rescue team with the ancient tomb as the background. The film will land in the mainland cinema on January 19th.

　 　 　 　　In terms of imported films, Aamir Hussain Khan, who just brought Indian films into the mainland audience’s field of vision with "Wrestling Dad" in 2017, completed an inspirational film with "Daughter". Only this time, the Olympic wrestling platform became the stage of singing contest. It remains to be seen whether Aamir Hussain Khan, who has turned into a "superstar", can be moved again. On the same day as Mysterious Superstar was released on January 19th, there was another warm-hearted work, Miracle Boy. The film has gained a high reputation since it was previously opened in North America. The experience of Ogi, a deformed boy, entering the society for the first time not only touched the people around him, but also taught everyone how to grow up.

On December 24th, 2021, in new york, USA, passengers were waiting at the New York Airport. Hundreds of Christmas flights in the United States were cancelled due to the surge in confirmed cases in COVID-19 caused by the spread of Omicron strain.

　　Affected by the rapid spread of Covid-19 Omicron strain, many airlines around the world canceled more than 4,500 flights during the Christmas holiday.

　　European and American countries ushered in the Christmas holiday in the shadow of the epidemic. Recently, the number of confirmed cases in COVID-19 in the United States surged, and the number of newly confirmed cases in Britain and France reached a new high on the 24th.

　　Thousands of flights were cancelled.

　　Passenger transport market "adds congestion"

　　"It’s so disappointing. After working hard for half a day, I still have to stay at home … …” Connie, a resident of Chicago, USA, told reporters in dismay after her flight was cancelled on the 24th. In order to fly to Atlanta to visit her parents during the Christmas holiday, Connie received a Covid-19 test and bought masks and other epidemic prevention supplies in advance. However, just before boarding the plane, she received the news that the flight was cancelled.

　　Connie’s experience is not a case. Due to the rapid spread of Covid-19 Omicron strain in Europe and America, many staff members of passenger transport enterprises can’t continue to work because of diagnosis or close contact. European and American airline operators were forced to cancel thousands of flights, and many European railway operators also faced the same problem. For most people in Europe and America, Christmas is the most important holiday to reunite with their families in a year, but this year it is impossible to travel or the journey is interrupted due to the epidemic.

　　According to the data of American flight tracking website, airlines around the world canceled at least 2,401 flights on the 24th, and nearly 10,000 flights were delayed. On Christmas Day, 25th, 1,779 flights worldwide were cancelled, and another 402 flights scheduled for 26th were cancelled.

　　According to the above website data, among all cancelled flights, American international and domestic commercial flights account for more than a quarter. Among them, United Airlines and Delta Air Lines cancelled nearly 280 flights on the 24th, because of the shortage of manpower caused by the surge of infection cases in COVID-19.

　　"The number of cases of Omicron virus infection in the United States has surged this week, which has had a direct impact on our pilots and operators," United said in a statement. "Therefore, we have to cancel some flights with regret."

　　Delta Air Lines said that the company has tried every means to maintain the original flight, including changing the route and replacing the aircraft and crew. "We apologize for the delay in our customers’ holiday travel plans."

　　Lufthansa said on the 24th that it cancelled more than a dozen long-distance transatlantic flights during the Christmas holiday due to the "substantial increase" in sick leave of pilots.

　　Jetstar said that due to the spread of Covid-19, many staff members had to be tested and quarantined, which led to the last-minute delay or cancellation of flights. This enterprise has rebooked tickets for most passengers.

　　According to Reuters, in Britain, many industries and transportation networks are facing a shortage of manpower because sick employees are isolating themselves.

　　The epidemic in the United States has worsened.

　　Shorten the isolation period of infected medical staff before returning to work

　　Due to the spread of Omicron strain, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States has surged recently. According to a report by Reuters on the 24th, the daily average number of newly confirmed cases in the United States increased by 45% over the previous week, reaching 179,000. New York reported more than 44,000 new confirmed cases on the 24th, setting a new record. In addition, at least 10 states recorded a record number of new cases in a single day on the 23rd or 24th.

　　According to the data of Johns Hopkins University, there are more than 51.96 million confirmed cases and 810,000 deaths in COVID-19.

　　According to Reuters data, at present, Omicron cases account for about 75% of the newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States, and in some areas, the proportion reaches 90%.

　　The increasing number of inpatients in COVID-19 has impacted the medical system in the Midwest of the United States, and the intensive care units in Indiana, Ohio and Michigan are preparing for the worst.

　　In response to the worsening epidemic situation, the New Year celebration in Times Square, new york, USA, will be greatly scaled down on the 31st, and only a maximum of 15,000 people will be allowed to enter, so as to keep a safe distance.

　　The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently issued a proposal that the isolation time of medical staff who tested positive in Covid-19 will be shortened before returning to work, in view of the shortage of manpower in hospitals across the United States.

　　According to the latest recommendations of the CDC, medical staff infected with Covid-19 can return to work after 5 days of isolation if they have no symptoms or symptoms are mild and continue to improve, without providing negative COVID-19 test certificates; If the symptoms are serious after infection, you can’t return to work until 20 days after the symptoms appear. According to the CDC, if the shortage of medical staff increases, the isolation period may be further shortened.

　　The CDC previously suggested that infected medical staff should be quarantined for 10 days from the day after symptoms or positive test results.

　　Britain and France are hitting record highs.

　　France may introduce new restrictions

　　According to data released by the British government on the 24th, there were 122,186 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK in the past 24 hours, setting a new record since the outbreak, with a total of more than 11.89 million confirmed cases. There were 137 new deaths in a single day, with a cumulative death of more than 140,000.

　　As of the week of 24th, there were about 700,000 confirmed cases and 810 deaths in Britain, increasing by 48.2% and 2% respectively compared with the previous week.

　　According to the latest research report of Covid-19 released by the British Health and Safety Agency on 23rd, compared with the Delta strain, the Omicron strain spreads faster, but the risk of hospitalization of confirmed cases is lower. However, British health officials are cautious about the prospect of the epidemic.

　　According to the data model of the Bureau of Statistics, the number of infected people in London will rise further in the next few days, and it is expected to increase to about one in every 10 people by the 26th.

　　According to the data of the British Health and Safety Agency on 24th, there were 23,719 new cases of Omicron virus infection in the country, and 114,625 cases were confirmed. British Health Secretary Said Dzhavid pointed out earlier that there was a "data gap" in Omicron strain, and the actual number of infected cases was "significantly higher" than the official data.

　　Dzhavid said on the same day that there are still many uncertainties surrounding the Omicron strain. Although the number of confirmed cases is increasing, it will not announce the tightening of prevention and control measures for the English epidemic after Christmas.

　　The number of confirmed cases in COVID-19 has also reached a new high. On the 24th, 94,124 new cases were reported, with a total of 8.98 million confirmed cases. There were 167 new deaths, with a cumulative death of over 120,000. In the past seven days, 66,417 new cases were diagnosed daily in France, setting a new record, which tripled in one month.

　　According to Reuters, Omicron virus infection cases have now accounted for 20% of newly confirmed cases in France.

　　The French Presidential Palace said on the 24th that President Emmanuel Macron is scheduled to hold a special meeting on the COVID-19 epidemic on the 27th, and new epidemic prevention restrictions may be introduced.

　　dynamic

　　Tokyo is now the first

　　Community-transmitted cases in Omicron

　　Tokyo, Japan, 24 new cases of Covid-19 Omicron strain infection, including a 50-year-old male infected person who has neither left Japan recently nor been in close contact with immigrants, is regarded as the first case of Omicron community transmission in Tokyo.

　　According to the report of Japan Broadcasting Association TV, this man is a doctor in a clinic in Tokyo and has been vaccinated with two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. He developed fever on 16th and was tested for Covid-19 nucleic acid, and the result was positive. The man was subsequently hospitalized, and there are no symptoms at present. Five close contacts, including his family and colleagues in the clinic, received nucleic acid tests, and the results are negative now.

　　According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, men wear masks and protective masks when they see a doctor, so patients are not close contacts. However, considering the strong infectivity of Omicron strain, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government suggested that about 20 staff and 80 patients in the clinic should be screened for COVID-19.

　　South Korea demands more than 200 people.

　　"vacate" intensive care unit

　　South Korea’s Central Anti-epidemic Countermeasures Headquarters reported on the 24th that the number of severe cases in COVID-19 nationwide reached 1,084, a new high since the outbreak. Due to the shortage of hospital beds, the Korean government ordered more than 200 patients who had been treated in the intensive care unit in COVID-19 for more than 20 days to leave, or they would be fined.

　　The epidemic situation of COVID-19 in South Korea is tightening, and the number of newly confirmed cases in a single day in recent days is at a high level of around 7,000. According to the report of the Central Epidemic Prevention Countermeasures Headquarters on the 24th, there were 6,233 newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours, and 596,209 cases have been confirmed so far. There were 56 new deaths and 5071 cumulative deaths.

　　With the number of severe cases in Korea hitting record highs, hospitals are overwhelmed and it is hard to find a bed. As of the early morning of 23rd, the utilization rate of intensive care beds in COVID-19 is about 80%, and that in the capital circle is as high as 85%.

　　Faced with the shortage of beds, the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare issued an administrative order on the afternoon of the 22nd, requiring 210 patients who have been treated in the intensive care unit for more than 20 days to leave, or they will be fined 1 million won (about 5,366 yuan).

　　According to the regulations of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, if the patient is treated in the intensive care unit for more than 20 days, the subsequent treatment will no longer be free. At the same time, the relevant subsidies of the hospital where the patient is located will be cancelled.

　　The Ministry of Health and Welfare said on the 23rd that as of that morning, 71 patients had left the intensive care unit and transferred to the general ward or other wards providing COVID-19 treatment.

　　According to the data of the Central Epidemic Prevention Countermeasures Headquarters, as of 24th, 82.3% of the population in South Korea had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine, and 27.9% had been vaccinated with booster shots.

　　At the same time, the department warned that the mutant Covid-19 Omicron strain is spreading rapidly in South Korea, or will replace another variant Delta as the main epidemic strain in the next month or two. This group/Xinhua News Agency

　　In order to help urbanization, Zhengzhou is starting a new round of shed reform, and the latest housing ticket placement policy has attracted great attention.

　　Recently, the General Office of Zhengzhou Municipal People’s Government issued the "Implementation Measures for Housing Ticket Resettlement in the Renovation Project of Big Shantytowns in Zhengzhou City (Provisional)", proposing that the renovation project of big shanty towns should implement housing ticket resettlement. The scope of application is the central city, that is, Zhongyuan District, Erqi District, Jinshui District, Guancheng Huizu District, Huiji District, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou Economic Development Zone and Zhengzhou High-tech Zone.

　　The so-called house ticket, that is, after the monetary quantification of the expropriated person’s housing resettlement compensation rights and interests, the expropriated person issues a settlement certificate for the expropriated person to purchase a house. Previously, some cities in Henan and other provinces have implemented this resettlement method.

　　Housing ticket placement, that is, in accordance with the policy of monetary placement and property right exchange, the collector converts the planned housing into money, and then issues it to the expropriated person in the form of housing ticket, and the latter buys commercial housing from the housing enterprises involved in the resettlement work.

　　According to Zhengzhou policy, if the expropriated person chooses the house ticket for resettlement, it will be regarded as giving up the exchange of house property rights, and the expropriated person will be rewarded with 8% of the resettlement compensation rights and interests, and at the same time, the expropriated person will be rewarded with a three-month transition fee in cash.

　　After receiving the house ticket, the range of commercial housing purchased by the expropriated person is not limited to the administrative area where the house ticket issuing institution is located, but can be selected by itself from the commercial housing provided by the housing enterprises participating in the house ticket resettlement work, and it is not included in the number of family purchase restrictions.

　　In the purchase process, if the face value of the room ticket is enough to pay for the house purchase, it shall not be split and used. If it is not enough to pay the purchase price, the expropriated person may apply for commercial personal housing loans and provident fund personal housing loans.

　　According to the document, the validity period of the house ticket is one year, and the expropriated person should pay for the house within the validity period. Those who are not used within the time limit shall be deemed to have given up the house ticket placement and re-arranged according to the monetary compensation method, but they will no longer enjoy the corresponding policy incentives for the house ticket placement.

　　In addition, the house ticket is subject to real-name registration system, and the holder is the owner of the expropriated house, and the user is limited to the holder, the holder’s spouse and the holder’s close relatives. The room ticket shall not be transferred, donated, mortgaged, pledged or cashed out.

　　Earlier on March 1, Zhengzhou had clearly stated in the Notice on Promoting the Benign Cycle and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Industry that it was necessary to implement the three-year action of resettlement housing construction, and adhere to the monetization resettlement based on the real estate market situation. For resettlement houses that have not started construction, the demolition people are encouraged to choose monetized resettlement.

　　"The housing ticket placement policy itself is no stranger. It has been launched everywhere before, but in the current market environment, Zhengzhou’s housing ticket policy has new meaning." Some analysts in the industry said that buyers can buy houses through it, and the government still has certain rewards, which is equivalent to indirectly enhancing purchasing power. Buyers may buy larger units and high-quality houses, which is actually a destocking policy.

　　The above analysts also said that the housing ticket policy has another meaning, which is actually a financial means. If you want to help inventory, just give money directly. Now it is equivalent to reducing direct compensation, and hope that funds will continue to flow into real estate. The government can not only control the cost of compensation and resettlement, but also encourage the expropriated households to purchase commercial housing by receiving "house tickets".

　　According to public information, the cities that currently implement the housing ticket placement policy include Xinyang, Henan, Changshu, Jiangsu, Shaoxing, Zhejiang and Fenghua, Ningbo. From the time point of view, as early as 2015, this policy was introduced in various places. Since then, it has been used as a policy toolbox from time to time in various places, and the detailed rules have been continuously improved.

　　Not long ago, Xinyang, Henan Province issued a new policy of "compensation for house expropriation and housing ticket placement", choosing the housing ticket compensation system, enjoying deed tax reduction, provident fund withdrawal and portfolio loan; Enjoy the compulsory education guarantee policy, you can retain the admission qualification of the original area, and you can also enjoy the admission qualification of the newly purchased commercial housing area; The room ticket is valid for 18 months.

　　Fenghua District of Ningbo also started the room ticket policy again after 2016, after a lapse of six years, to promote the transformation process of the old city. The use of room tickets is limited to the whole area of Fenghua, and commercial houses and related ancillary facilities can be purchased, excluding stock houses (second-hand houses). The room ticket takes effect from the date of issuance and the redemption period is 12 months.

　　At the moment of high real estate inventory, restarting the shed-to-house ticket placement system in many places means that a new round of destocking is quietly opening.

　　Take Zhengzhou as an example. Since the beginning of this year, Zhengzhou has introduced the property market bail-out policy for several times in succession. Although the market activity has improved, the confidence of buyers, market vitality, and the de-commercialization of commercial housing need to be revitalized.

　　According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics, in April 2022, the price of new houses in Zhengzhou fell by 0.3% from the previous month, and the price of second-hand houses fell by 0.5% from the previous month. This is the ninth time that Zhengzhou’s housing market fell after the price of new houses fell in August last year.

　　In terms of transactions, according to the data of Zhuge Housing Search Data Research Center, 6,892 sets of new commercial housing transactions were completed in Zhengzhou in April, down 11.25% from March; In May, 4,884 sets were sold, down 29.14% from last month and 73.54% year-on-year.

　　On June 15th, Zhengzhou issued a document saying that commercial banks in Zhengzhou should be urged to implement the lower limit standard of 4.25% for the first home loan interest rate, and the down payment ratio for the second home should be reduced to 40%. The level of the above interest rates only appeared before 2016. Now, the housing ticket placement policy is offered, Zhengzhou toolbox is opened again, and the "destocking" of the property market is expected to accelerate.

As we all know, the Meiji Restoration in Japan was one of the most successful "modernization transformations" in modern Asia. Among them, the "Iwakura Mission", led by the reformists, made great contributions-a trip to the west in just two years, which carefully investigated all aspects of western powers and laid the foundation for the restoration in the next 50 years. However, the famous "Iwakura Mission" was not the first time that Japan took the initiative to "make Europe". The process of Japan’s understanding of the West and the world was also started before the Meiji Restoration. As early as more than 400 years ago, during the Warring States Period, Japan sent the European Mission-"Tianzheng Mission" for the first time.

Day is sending European youth envoys and accompanying priests.

From Nagasaki to Lisbon: The Journey to the West of "Extremely" Teenagers

In 1534, the Jesuits were founded in Paris. Jesuits traveled all over the world to spread Catholicism, and the earliest place where they made progress in the East was Warring States Japan, which was politically competitive and therefore relatively diverse in thought. According to scholars’ investigation, in 1582, when the "Tianzheng Mission" was dispatched, only one Jesuit order had 150,000 followers in Japan, and the successful missionary activities attracted many Kyushu names, such as Fei Qianguo, to convert to Catholicism. For a while, Japan became one of the most prosperous Catholic countries in East Asia at that time.

Kyushu is one of the most prosperous regions of Jesuits in the East.

Facing the prosperous situation of "faith", the Christian celebrities in Kyushu gradually came up with the idea of sending envoys to Europe, which coincided with the Jesuit society, which urgently needed to show its missionary achievements through "believers in the ends of the earth". Soon, with the support and financing of Fan Lian, the head of the Jesuit "East Indian Region", Ma Qingxin, Ōtomo Sōrin and Tadashi Omura, a "mission to Europe" composed of aristocratic teenagers was quickly established. They are Ōtomo Sōrin’s relative Ito Sukeyoshi, Ma Qingxin’s relative Qian Qian Shijie, Tomura’s relative Yuan Martin, and Kyushu aristocrat Zhongpu Julian. Because the oldest member of all the missions is only 15 years old, they are also called "Youth Envoys Sent to Europe by Heaven" by later generations.

In 2014, the portrait of Ito Sukeyoshi painted by the 16th century painter Tintoretto was discovered in Italy.

On February 20, 1582, carrying letters and gifts from three famous Christians, the first European mission in Japanese history officially set sail from Nagasaki Port. In addition to the four teenagers mentioned earlier, the mission also included Mesquita, a missionary, and other entourage, who were responsible for the daily life and education of the teenagers, and Fan Lian himself went with him. The fleet reversed along the commercial road developed eastward by the Portuguese maritime empire all the way to the west, from Nagasaki to Macau, and reached Goa, an important stronghold of Jesuits’ missionary work in India. The mission stayed in Goa for a long time because of the unfavorable climate. During this period, Fan Lian received a letter from the President of the Jesuits, asking him to stay in Goa and direct the missionary work in the East, and not to come with the mission. Therefore, Fan Lian had to appoint another Jesuit as the attache to accompany the mission to Europe after completion. After a stop-and-go voyage, the mission finally arrived off the coast of Lisbon in August 1584, ending two years of drifting at sea.

From Goa to Nagasaki, the establishment of eastern strongholds outlined the development track of Portugal’s maritime empire. Detailed reference to the new book History of Portuguese Maritime Empire by Gu Weimin, a scholar.

"The Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II": Japanese Teenagers’ Journey to Europe

On the evening of August 11, 1584, the delegation officially landed on the land of Europe. As the title of Braudel’s masterpiece reveals, southern Europe at this time belongs to the "Mediterranean world" of Habsburg family Philip II-under his rule, it not only covers the whole of western Portugal today, but also includes Italy and the Netherlands; If you count his colonies in Latin America and Asia, Philip II ruled all over the world. Because of its close ties with the Vatican, the so-called "the strongest monarch in the Christian world" is well deserved. Under this historical background, the teenagers of "Tianzheng Mission" traveled to Europe slowly.

The first stop of the mission is Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. There, they met with the Portuguese governor many times and gained wide attention. After the tour in Portugal, the mission entered Spain in September, and arrived in Madrid on October 19th, heading for Wang Ting, the world’s first "empire that never sets". However, due to the nationwide swearing-in ceremony being held in Madrid at this time, the mission’s audience was postponed to November.

On November 14th, the audience ceremony was held as scheduled. Under the leadership of the King’s splendid guard of honor, four teenagers in kimonos slowly drove into the palace with letters from Japanese names and exquisite lacquerware gifts in the eyes of many citizens. King Philip II personally received them and thanked the famous Japanese for their gifts. The king also invited them to make a speech in Japanese. A few days later, the four members of the delegation visited the royal church and other places successively, and also visited the newly completed Escorial Palace, and were fortunate enough to witness the "highest sacred objects" such as the thorns of Jesus, which shows that the world monarch attached great importance to visitors from the far east.

Escorial Palace, the "eighth wonder of the world" costing countless American silver.

Farewell to Philip II, the mission continued to set out for the Italian territory of the empire by sea. In March 1585, the fleet arrived in Pisa, the residence of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. In the palace, Archduke Francis personally stepped down to meet him and invited a group of four people to attend the dinner. At the dinner party, an interesting thing happened that is still talked about: in the middle of the banquet, the Grand Duchess suddenly pulled up the sleeve of the chairman Ito Sukeyoshi and invited him to dance. After receiving the religious approval of the accompanying priest, Ito accepted the invitation of the Grand Duchess; Chichiishi and Zhongpu were also involved, and the atmosphere was warm for a while, which led to laughter.

Ito’s escape from being invited to dance with the Grand Duchess is still being interpreted on the stage.

After visiting Tuscany, the mission also visited Florence and other places. Because the original intention of the mission itself included the consideration of religious pilgrimage, they did not stay in these places for a long time. After a brief visit to the local nobles and a tour of the main holy places, the teenagers marched non-stop towards Rome, the "holy city" of Christianity.

Experience the moment of pope change: Rome of four teenagers

In March 1585, three years after sailing from Nagasaki, the mission finally arrived in Rome. Although according to the original plan, the Pope would meet the four teenagers informally in the form of private meetings, Pope George XIII at that time temporarily decided to meet these visitors from the Far East with a solemn public ceremony.

On the 23rd, the ceremony was held as scheduled. With the salute of the musket team roaring, and under the gaze of the guests and citizens present, Masato Ito, wearing a kimono, accompanied by two archbishops, was at the front of the team, followed by Chichiishi and former Martin, and headed for the Vatican Palace. When the believers from the other side of the distant earth appeared in the lobby, the Pope was filled with tears for a moment. He invited Ito and Chichiishi to read letters from three famous Japanese names in public, and asked the children about the religious and social situation in Japan in detail. Because the ceremony was short and unfinished, the Pope met the delegation again on April 3 and arranged for them to visit their bedrooms, which shows the Pope’s love for children.

Mission audience scene

However, things are unpredictable. Shortly after the second interview, Pope Emilio suddenly suffered from nasal mucositis and passed away on the afternoon of April 10th. In response to this unexpected situation, the College of Cardinals held a closed-door meeting on Easter that month, and elected Cardinal Montaldo to succeed Pope for Sistine V..

Because the old pope was very concerned about missionary affairs and gave the mission a high courtesy, the sudden death of the old pope caused deep concern among the members of the mission, who were worried that the new pope was not interested in the distant East. However, it turns out that their worries are unnecessary. At the subsequent coronation ceremony of the Pope, the mission teenagers were not only invited by the new Pope, but also invited to stand behind the Pope and put up a canopy for him, even before the representatives of France, the so-called "eldest daughter of the Catholic Church". Since then, in January, the new Pope has led teenagers to participate in various activities many times and awarded them honorary titles such as "Roman aristocrats".

An inscription recording the mission’s visit to Rome

In this way, after receiving the courtesy of the new Pope and the promise of supporting the Japanese missionary cause, the mission left Rome on June 3, passing through Venice, Milan and other places, and returned to the Iberian Peninsula by boat again. In Iberia, the mission stayed in Barcelona and Lisbon to wait for the weather suitable for sailing. A year later, in April, 1586, the time came to return to China. After four years away from home, the teenagers embarked on a long journey home.

Shangluo: a tortuous but extraordinary way to return home

Due to the high winds and high waves, the mission’s road to return home was not smooth, and it stopped and stopped all the way until it finally arrived in India in June 1587. However, just as the mission was about to complete the last leg of its long journey, the situation in Japan changed dramatically. In July, 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the actual supreme ruler of Japan at that time, suddenly issued the Order of Pursuing and Releasing with the Celestial Company after completing the "Kyushu Conquest", which was the first time to ban religion in Japan, which added great variables to whether the "Tianzheng Mission" originally shouldered the religious mission could return to China smoothly.

"Companion with Heaven" (バテレン) means "priest". This order is the first missionary expulsion order in Japanese history.

Worried about the situation in Japan, the delegation deliberately slowed down and stayed in Goa and Macao, China for a long time to ensure the safety of returning home. However, due to the ability of Fanlian, the head of Jesuit East India, and the Portuguese Governor in Goa also promised to fully cooperate, the "Tianzheng Mission" was not only successfully allowed to return to China in 1590, but also got the opportunity to go to Kyoto in person the following year and see Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a "world person".

In March, 1591, Toyotomi Hideyoshi summoned the members of the mission in the "Juledi" mansion in Kyoto. Due to the previous prohibition of religion, the audience took a more flexible way, that is, let the teenagers of the mission wear Portuguese clothes and participate in the audience as European missions rather than their own nationals. However, in the specific reference process, the teenagers still adopted the traditional Japanese etiquette, and presented Toyotomi Hideyoshi with generous gifts and told them all kinds of experiences of the trip. Toyotomi Hideyoshi obviously showed great interest in the extraordinary experience of teenagers. After the audience ceremony, Toyotomi Hideyoshi summoned the delegation several times, and even once invited Ito Tomoyoshi to join him to contribute to his upcoming Korean expedition (the Battle of Nonchen). No, Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s invitation was declined by Ito, who claimed that it was an unjust act to abandon the priests who raised him just because of his high official position. Toyotomi Hideyoshi appreciated this. Before finally allowing the delegation to return to Kyushu, he inquired about the situation in Europe and India in detail.

With the completion of the "Visit to Shanghai", the "Tianzheng Mission", which lasted for more than 8 years, finally completed all its historical missions and officially returned to Kyushu in 1591.

The west wind spreading eastward: the significance and enlightenment of "Tianzheng Mission"

Through the historical retrospect of the first Japanese mission to Europe "Tianzheng Mission", we can see that, unlike the traditional narrative of "shutting the country out", Japan in early modern times, especially Kyushu, was not ignorant and indifferent to the great changes in the world. On the contrary, they have great interest in the distant west, and this interest is not a unique phenomenon that is only concentrated in the highest ruling class. This provides some clues for us to understand why Japan in Meiji era was able to transform rapidly after nearly 200 years.

From the top of society. First of all, in the historical field of early modern times in the 16th century, being able to send a mission to Europe on its own initiative was enough to reflect the interest of some Japanese political elites in the outside world at that time. In just 20 years later, the mission headed by Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga once again made Europe (from the route, the mission even passed through America), which is another proof of this interest. Secondly, as a result of this trip to Europe, the teenagers of "Tianzheng Mission" brought back a large number of paintings and books from Europe, which brought a very comprehensive and brand-new world picture to the upper class who had access to these precious materials, and provided valuable original thrust for inspiring their desire to further explore the world. According to the research, Guan Bai Toyotomi Hideyoshi was very fond of The Atlas of the World (Theatrum Orbis Terrarum) presented by the youth of the mission, and even ordered painters to draw it into a screen for daily appreciation. It can be said that although geographically isolated, the upper class of Japanese society has always been more curious about the outside world.

A screen drawn by a Japanese painter according to The Complete Works of the Universe.

Similar to the upper class, the middle class and ordinary people, especially the ordinary people in Kyushu, have also been positively influenced by the visit of the "Tianzheng Mission". First of all, a large number of western paintings brought back by teenagers have been imitated by ordinary "Na Man paintings" (that is, western paintings). Secondly, and more importantly, the mission brought back the first Gutenberg metal movable type printing machine in Japanese history from Europe. Although movable type printing was invented in China and spread to Japan at that time, it is still very inconvenient to print western works. The bringing back of Gutenberg printing machine solved this problem well. Later, western language learning books, textbooks, and western religious literature were printed vigorously (the so-called "Geely Zhidan Edition" in later generations), which made the printing of Jesuits in Japan the climax. Through these books, western knowledge gradually entered the world of ordinary Kyushu people. The spread of knowledge from the outside world, though restrained by the later policy of the edo shogunate to ban religion, can never be obliterated. It was not until the Meiji Restoration era two hundred years later that they were awakened again, and then turned into a great innovation force at the lower level. Just like all successful reforms in history, "modernization of the country" and "modernization of the people" have always been complementary. As can be seen from the case of "Tianzheng Mission", the Japanese people’s interest in knowledge of the outside world started long before the Meiji Restoration.

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On May 5, Alipay released "Eight Discoveries of May Day Holiday", and traveling on business to ask AI, traveling to a small town in reverse, setting up stalls in concerts, and washing away the taste of classes have become new life trends worthy of attention.

"reverse tour" niche city, Ningxia stunning everyone

The May Day tour of YOLO has quietly changed: many young people choose to avoid the "conformity" of large scenic spots and go to minority scenic spots to start "reverse tourism".

According to Alipay data, ten small cities, such as Yili in Xinjiang, Yanbian in Jilin, Diqing in Yunnan, Guyuan in Ningxia, Ganzi in Sichuan, Tianshui in Gansu, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, Zhongwei in Ningxia, Wuzhong in Ningxia and Pu ‘er in Yunnan, saw the largest year-on-year increase in off-site payment, among which Ningxia monopolized three cities. It is said that "Ningxia in Huang Hefu is the best in the world", and the places where treasures such as Danxia landform, Bronze Long Gorge and Shahaixing River are punched have also made Ningxia the most popular "reverse tourism" resort on May 1.

Millions of people travel to ask about AI, and they love to ask about the weather.

During the May 1 ST period, millions of people used Alipay intelligent assistants based on AI research and development as "work partners" for life tourism. Among them, asking about the recent weather, checking the nearby food and looking for coupons in the App are the three types of questions that humans ask AI the most.

Refuse to "talk about money shame", and small pockets become a good tool for sharing travel expenses.

Establishing a small purse in Alipay and transparently sharing travel expenses through this "shared small vault" has become a necessary action for many people before going out. More and more young people choose this way of traveling with human touch and a sense of boundary.

One month before the May Day holiday, the number of small wallets newly built for travel increased by 500% year-on-year.

Friends around the world favor "new national style" tourism, and inbound consumption has increased sevenfold.

With the introduction of the visa-free policy, inbound tourism continues to heat up, and it is more convenient for global tourists to pay for entry. During the May 1 ST period, the consumption of Alipay for inbound guests to tie foreign cards increased by 7 times year-on-year; Merchants have also ushered in new business opportunities. The number of China merchants who use Alipay to do global tourist business has increased by 4.5 times year-on-year.

The "new national style" tourism is increasingly favored by friends around the world-among the scenic spots with the highest year-on-year increase in Alipay consumption by inbound guests, more than half of the cultural tourist attractions such as Emei Mountain in Sichuan, the ancient city of Qufu in Shandong and Huaqing Palace in Shaanxi.

If you have a good trip abroad, it will cost you less.

The five-day holiday has also made the travel radius of Chinese people longer. Alipay launched the "Global Money Saving Link" with global merchants, and the offers from Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia were the most popular, while China, Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea, the United States and Thailand were the most popular destinations for Alipay users.

Taking the local bus with Alipay bus code has also become a new way of outbound travel. Hong Kong and Macao can take Alipay by bus, which is cost-effective and low-carbon. The number of public transport transactions in Hong Kong alone increased by 63% year-on-year.

Jason, Hua Chenyu and G.E.M. Cheng Wuyi Concert "King of Goods"

During the May Day period, hundreds of concerts and music festivals were held throughout the country. Some people went to the mountains and seas to listen to the voice of idols, while others loved the voice of Alipay. The concert also led to the rise of the surrounding "stall economy", with banners, light sticks and other AIDS and concert color makeup.

Jason, Hua Chenyu, G.E.M. Cheng Wuyi concert "King of Goods" has the largest number of small vendors around, and there are hundreds of stalls around each performance site.

The heart that wants to get rich never takes a holiday: first get the coupon and then pay the bill, and nearly 3 million people watch Buffett’s live broadcast of "Receiving Money".

Which province do young people like best on May Day? "Exquisite province". In this year’s "Spring Consumption Festival" organized by national merchants in conjunction with Alipay, nearly 100 million taxi tickets and 650 million coupons were collected, among which bath care, cosmetics and local food are the most popular preferential categories, and people who love to eat are also the "gods" of hoarding tickets. "Getting the tickets first and then paying the bill" has also become a new trend for young people to practice rational consumption.

There is no holiday for those who want to get rich: during the May Day period, the video broadcast volume of Alipay Pan-Finance Business increased by 30% compared with last month, and nearly 3 million people flocked to Buffett’s live broadcast room overnight to comment on "receiving money".

Washing clothes and washing dogs wash away the smell of class, and reborn a favorite Degang Guo to sleep with you.

In the "big wash" days of holidays, many people choose to return to life and concentrate on pleasing themselves. The number of visits to pet service head applet increased by over 100% year-on-year, and the number of visits to housekeeping cleaning maintenance head applet increased by over 300% year-on-year. Washing clothes, quilts, dogs and dogs washed away the smell of class. Nearly half of reading and listening users listen to books for more than 4 hours every day, and the five high-frequency words of book titles are: sleeping aid, rebirth, imperial doctor, favorite princess and Degang Guo. Four Great Classical Novels’s Dream of Red Mansions and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are also in the forefront.