With the continuous development of science and technology and the deepening of informatization, people acquire knowledge more and more conveniently. In the entrance examination, adult college entrance examination has also become a way for many candidates to realize their dreams. So what are the professional categories of adult college entrance examination? The following will answer for you.

If you have questions about the adult college entrance examination, don’t know how to choose the examiners’ colleges and majors, and don’t know the local policies for entering the exam, click to learn now > >

1. Law includes law, human resource management, business administration and legal affairs.

2. Management includes accounting, financial management, administrative management, logistics management, public utilities management, project management and property management.

3. Computers include communication engineering, network engineering, computer science and technology, and e-commerce.

4. Economics includes international economy and trade, software engineering, finance, marketing and business English.

5. Science and engineering include civil engineering, applied psychology, mechatronics technology, electronic information science and technology, electrical engineering and automation, construction engineering technology and project cost.

6. Linguistics includes Chinese language and literature, translation, English and journalism.

7. Medicine includes pharmacy, stomatology, nursing, clinical medicine, nursing, medical inspection technology, nursing, clinical medicine and rehabilitation therapy.

Adult college entrance examination can graduate in 2.5-3 years. After enrolling in the national adult college entrance examination, you have to complete the school year in 2.5 years from the registration in March of the following year, and generally you can obtain academic qualifications in 3 years. The college entrance examination for adults requires graduates from senior high schools, technical secondary schools, vocational high schools and technical schools and those with equivalent education. Adult college education plays an important role in evaluating professional titles, taking all kinds of qualification certificates, taking civil servants, taking part in postgraduate entrance examination, being promoted, becoming a full member and looking for a job. Therefore, it is very useful for students with low academic qualifications to apply for adult education.

Yes, candidates who apply for adult colleges need to pass the national unified adult college entrance examination. Candidates can only be admitted after their scores reach the admission scores of the colleges they apply for. Moreover, the academic qualifications obtained after the examination are recognized by the state, and Xuexin. com is always searchable, so it is recognized by many enterprises. The diploma has a wide range of effects, which can be used not only to find a job, but also to evaluate professional titles, test qualification certificates, continue their studies, and obtain higher-level academic qualifications through adult education.

The above is related to the adult college entrance examination. Candidates can use it as a reference, which is subject to the official announcement! Candidates who want to get more information about the adult college entrance examination, such as the registration time, examination time, application conditions, preparation knowledge and related news, please pay attention to the online adult college entrance examination channel of China Education.

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If you have questions about the adult college entrance examination, don’t know how to choose the examiners’ colleges and majors, and don’t know the local policies for entering the exam, click to learn now > >

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　　CCTV News:On June 13th this year, the Ministry of Public Security launched the "Yun Jian Action" throughout the country, which severely cracked down on telecommunication network fraud, unfreezing of national assets, routine loans and other crimes. There are many fraud cases detected by the police in the "Yun Jian Action". Today, let’s look at a 100 billion scam hidden in the WeChat group.

　　One day in 2018, Ms. Ding of Hangzhou was pulled into a WeChat group called "China Love Foundation" by her friend Liu Moufang. In this group, she met the big people who never dared to think about it.

　　Victim Ms. Ding:He said that he is in charge of the elderly and a part of national assets.

　　Suspect Fang Mouping:They are all tasks from the highest level of the central government, so these tasks are all national tasks.

　　Fang Mouping, the leader of the WeChat group, claimed to be the chairman of the China Love Foundation. He was appointed by the central government to handle several national assets projects, that is, to transfer the national assets thawed overseas into China and distribute them to the people who signed up in the group in the name of "Love Fund" and "Poverty Alleviation Fund".

　　Suspect Fang Mouping:It is more than 900 billion yuan in total, which should be said to be a national asset. However, as far as the central authorities are concerned, the state has named this project Precision Poverty Alleviation, so the Central Secrecy Bureau gave me the authorization.

　　Fang Moping’s introduction made Ms. Ding particularly excited. It was a great honor to participate in such a confidential national project. What made her even more excited was that the whole project would also give huge benefits to the participants.

　　Criminal suspect Liu Moufang:Mr. Fang also made it very detailed, giving us (each person) a sum of 900,000 yuan. After the foundation is established, we will coordinate the local government to give a piece of land, give members engaged in our platform a free set of housing, and the third one is to give a high-end medical card.

　　Ms. Ding said that members at their level can get cash, real estate and medical security only by paying the formalities fee ranging from 30 to 50 yuan, so the return on investment is naturally attractive to her.

　　Victim Ms. Ding:How many expectations, everyone pulls what you know and what he knows into the group, and the QR code of the money is sent to the group, so (I think) such a little money will be reported.

　　Ms. Ding said that from the beginning of registration, Fang Mouping collected fees in the name of escort fees and transfer fees many times, because the amount was not large each time, almost all members would pay them in full, until one day the police found themselves, and she didn’t know that this was an absurd scam. At this time, Fang Mouping had developed more than 50,000 members through multiple WeChat groups, covering more than 20 provinces and cities across the country, and obtained illegal income of more than 30 million yuan.

　　A Fang Mouping and several so-called "subordinates" can mobilize tens of thousands of members and make tens of millions of profits through WeChat group without even meeting each other. So what do they rely on to make tens of thousands of people believe them? What on earth is the thawing of this national asset in their mouth?

　　As early as 1979, the Chinese and American governments signed the "99 General Order" to unfreeze the assets frozen by mainland residents and units in the United States. Although this historical event has been dusty for many years, the act of using the thawing of national assets as a cover for fraud has never stopped.

　　Lv Danxiang, Deputy Chief of Criminal Investigation Brigade of Lin ‘an Branch of Hangzhou Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province:In fact, the older generation knew that such a project actually existed, so most of the deceived victims were elderly people.

　　Tao Jiangbo, Criminal Investigation Brigade of Lin ‘an Branch of Hangzhou Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province:The victims are mainly old people aged 50 to 60 and 70, who may have just come into contact with the internet and don’t understand it very well.

　　Criminal suspects seize the weakness that most elderly people don’t understand internet technology, cheat their trust through P-charts, forged official documents of state organs, identity documents, and photos of leaders, and use high returns as bait to educate the victims through WeChat group.

　　Criminal suspect Liu Moufang:We say that there is a pie in the sky, then you should first set your position, set it there, let the pie hit you, and be sure to catch the pie, which is shared by everyone.

　　Because of the Internet, criminal suspects’ fraudulent means have also become rich. Criminal suspects often forge some celebrities’ WeChat, and use the influence of these celebrities to further deepen the victims’ belief in the thawing of national assets.

　　Victim Ms. Ding:A teacher from Dong Qing and a teacher from Bai Yansong added me to WeChat, and sent a series of things from all countries with positive energy to my personal private letter, asking me to spread it in my circle of friends, and I was spreading it.

　　According to the requirements of the WeChat group, some victims listened to an equal person, not only did they not disclose it to their families, but even refused to cooperate with the investigation by the public security organs.

　　Criminal suspect Ma Molin:From now on, we have to change our avatars and nicknames. Protecting ourselves means protecting the platform, especially when the police, the streets and so on ask you, you don’t know.

　　Although the suspects tried their best to fight against the police’s investigation and evidence collection, information technology such as big data platform still made them unable to escape the French Open. At present, more than ten people, including Fang Moping and Liu Mofang, have been arrested by public security organs for fraud. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, from June this year to the end of October, the "Yun Jian Operation" destroyed 491 criminal gangs involved in various ethnic assets unfreezing fraud, and arrested 7,710 suspects. By August, the amount involved had been identified as high as 623 million yuan.

Recently, the price of shipping is falling rapidly, which seems to indicate that the "profiteering era" of shipping is coming to an end.

Image source: Every reporter Zhang Yunshe

On September 27th, Freightos Baltic Container Freight Index (FBX) showed that the global container freight rate was 4085 USD /FEU. In addition, the freight index of several domestic export containers has dropped. As of September 23rd, China’s export container freight index (SCFI) was 2,475.97 points, which was 5.1% lower than that of the previous period, including the routes in Europe, the eastern United States and the western United States.

From July to September in previous years, it was the traditional peak season for domestic goods export, but this year, at this node, the shipping cost has dropped one after another, showing the phenomenon of "the peak season is not prosperous", which inevitably makes the outside world confused.

Chen Zhen, a marine futures researcher at Founder Mid-term Futures Research Institute, told the 21st century business herald reporter that looking at the SCFI comprehensive freight index from 2010 to 2022, the freight rate in late September of that year dropped compared with that in early January, and there were "low peak seasons" in the third quarter of eight years. However, like this year, it was really rare for the market to fall for 17 weeks from the beginning of the year and for 15 weeks again from the middle of the year, with a drop of 60% in the first nine months. "The last time such a bear market happened was in 2015, and the cumulative decline in the first three quarters of that year was only 43.2%." He added.

The price of shipping, which has been falling for days, has even fallen to a new high. According to the staff of a freight forwarding company in Tianjin, the price of shipping about 40-foot TEUs to the west coast of the United States was about 10,000 yuan at the beginning of the year, but now it only needs about 3,000 yuan, a drop of over 60%.

Although many shipping companies have completed the goal of booking ships to expand their capacity, they have to make adjustments in the case of falling shipping prices. According to the data released by Drewry, a maritime consultancy, during the five weeks from September 19th to October 23rd, among the 750 scheduled voyages on major routes such as trans-Pacific (601099), trans-Atlantic (600558), Asia-Northern Europe and Asia-Mediterranean, 122 voyages were cancelled, with a cancellation rate of 16%.

Lan Xi, an analyst of Dongzheng Futures Shipping, told the 21st century business herald that the freight rate is expected to fall before the reality, and the freight rate is oversold under the influence of emotion. Starting from October, liner companies will take measures to suspend flights and protect prices to ease the downward trend of freight rates.

What are the reasons behind the drop in shipping prices from a height? When the shipping company’s capacity expansion hits the downward cycle of Shanghai shipping price, how will the profit be affected?

From "One Case Hard to Find" to "One Goods Hard to Find"

In fact, since the end of 2021, shipping prices have shown signs of "cooling down". And this year, the trend of the decline in shipping prices suddenly became rapid and rapid.

On September 27th, Freightos Baltic Container Freight Index (FBX) showed that the global container freight rate was 4085 USD /FEU. You know, on September 13th last year, the global container freight rate once soared to 11,134.44 USD /FEU, and today’s freight rate is only equivalent to that of January last year. According to this estimate, the global container freight rate has fallen by 63% from a high level so far.

Talking about the current drop in shipping freight, Zhang Yongfeng, chief consultant of Shanghai International Shipping Research Center, said in an interview with 21st century business herald that although the spot freight of international container shipping dropped more than last year’s high level, it was still higher than the pre-epidemic level as a whole. "From the perspective of industry cycle, the pre-epidemic container transportation market has been in the stage of bottoming out, which was greatly affected by the epidemic in the previous two years. The current drop in freight rates is also a normal fluctuation and a relatively rational callback. "

Although many interviewed experts believe that this wave of market is a normal return after the previous price surge, it is still quite rare that the superimposed freight rate drops sharply in the "slow peak season".

Zhang Yongfeng said: "In the past, July to October was the traditional peak season for container exports, and the export demand was relatively high. However, this year’s’ poor peak season’ was mainly due to the unsatisfactory performance of external demand."

He further stated that this phenomenon is mainly caused by the following factors: "First, Europe and the United States continue to replenish stocks, and commodity stocks are high. For example, the three major inventory indicators in the United States are at a high level; Secondly, in the context of the continuous interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve, the epidemic subsidies have been cancelled, and global liquidity has been tightened. The major economies in the world are deeply affected by rising raw material and energy prices and high inflation, and consumer demand has been greatly affected; At the same time, the recovery of overseas production capacity has also reduced the proportion of imported goods from China to some extent; In addition, the overall congestion situation in overseas ports has eased, the ship turnover rate and quasi-shift rate have increased rapidly, and the ship loading rate has declined. These factors have prompted the correction of shipping prices. "

In Chen Zhen’s view, the mismatch between supply and demand of transportation capacity, the shortage of supply chain and the persistent inflation abroad will continue to affect the global container transportation market. He said that even if the price of the shipping market falls further in the future, it is normal, because although the current overall freight rate has fallen below the same period in 2021, it is still much higher than the same period before 2020.

According to the data, in 2019 before the outbreak, the global average freight rate index (FBX) of Baltic containers was about 1400 USD /FEU. It can be seen that although the current shipping price has dropped, it is still much higher than the price at that time.

Although the freight rate has returned to rationality, the lack of external demand has become a new problem that many freight forwarding companies are worried about. A person in charge of a freight forwarding company in Guangzhou told the 21st century business herald that the most worrying thing at present is that the external order quantity continues to be weak. "If the external demand problem is not solved, the uncertainty of foreign trade will increase, and the entire container transportation market will be affected."

The medium and long-term shipping market will be at a low point.

In 2021, affected by factors such as supply chain interruption and surge in demand, international freight rates soared sharply. It is precisely because of this that many shipping companies unexpectedly ushered in a "highlight moment."

Looking back on the performance of many shipping giants in the past year, it can be said that they have earned a lot of money. According to the financial report of Maersk Group, the global shipping giant, its annual revenue in 2021 was US$ 62 billion, up 55% year-on-year, and its annual profit before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) tripled to a record US$ 24 billion, setting the highest profit level in the history of Danish enterprises.

Coincidentally, other major shipping companies in the world, such as mediterranean shipping company, CMA Steamship and HerBeurotte, also saw their performance soar. He Beurotte’s profit before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization in 2021 was $12.8 billion, a year-on-year increase of 316.1%; The net profit of CMA in 2021 rose by more than 900% year-on-year.

According to Drewry, a shipping consulting company, the total profit of the container transportation industry was only about 7 billion US dollars in 2019, and it expanded to 26 billion US dollars in 2020, and soared to 210 billion US dollars in 2021. This figure is expected to rise to 270 billion US dollars in 2022.

With record performance, shipping companies have been able to lay out their capacity in a big way. Taking COSCO Haikong (601919), a subsidiary of China shipping company COSCO Shipping Group, as an example, it is reported that after the epidemic, COSCO Haikong has placed orders for shipbuilding for four times, with new orders reaching 34 container ships and 590,000 TEUs, and its capacity expansion scale is second only to that of mediterranean shipping company and CMA. Among the shipping companies that expand their capacity, mediterranean shipping company has the largest booking scale. Since the beginning of this year, mediterranean shipping company has ordered and built 42 LNG dual-fuel container ships this year, with a value of more than 6 billion US dollars.

At present, the new ships ordered by shipping companies are launched one after another, and the transportation capacity of shipping companies will be greatly improved. Clarkson, a shipping brokerage company, predicts that the container fleet capacity will increase by 3.7% year-on-year this year and will increase by 8.1% in 2023.

In this regard, Chen Zhen said that many liner companies’ new ship orders were confirmed in the last year to 1.5 years. Considering the shipbuilding cycle of 1.5-2 years and the backlog of orders, it is very likely that after the new ship is launched, it has entered a bear market, so the decision to expand the capacity on a large scale at a high price is actually open to question.

Zhang Yongfeng also believes that liner companies have increased their capacity in the past two years, and a large number of new shipbuilding orders will be delivered in the next year, which will inevitably have a certain impact on the spot market. "Especially for some high-level shipbuilders who lack stable route networks, customer groups and ship management capabilities, they will probably face greater cost pressure."

It was hard to wait until the new ship was launched, but in the face of falling shipping prices, some liner companies had to take suspension measures to protect the price. In this case, will the profitability of shipping companies be affected? Zhang Yongfeng believes that the profitability of shipping companies will be relatively stable due to the high proportion of liner company directors’ associations between the end of last year and the beginning of this year and the relatively stable negotiated price.

However, the current price of the long association has been seriously upside down with the spot price. As of September 23rd, China’s export container freight index (CCFI), which reflects the overall transportation market (including spot agreement and long-term agreement), was 2,475.97, down 5.1% from last week, indicating that the coordinated price and spot price were upside down. Therefore, there are some cases in the market where some container shipping customers tear up the long-term association and ask for a new long-term agreement with the shipping company.

"As of August, there are 927 unfinished container ship orders in the world, totaling 7.034 million TEU, accounting for 27% of the existing total capacity, which is 1.4 times of the total capacity of the top ten liner companies in the world. This part of the new ship will be launched in 2023-2025. Moreover, although the new shipping environmental protection policy will be implemented next year, some ships will be eliminated or the speed will be limited, it is expected that more countries will relax the epidemic control measures and the ship turnover efficiency will further rise. Therefore, the original mismatch between supply and demand of transportation capacity will be greatly alleviated, and the market can no longer support the previous high freight rate. " Chen Zhen told reporters that the shipping market will be at a low point for a long time, and the performance is also difficult to improve significantly.

Lan Xi believes that the subsequent decline in freight rates is expected to slow down, but whether there will be a rebound depends on whether the marginal supply and demand can be significantly improved and whether the market sentiment will be repaired. She told reporters that even if the shipping price will rebound, it will only be staged. In the medium and long term, the weak cycle of freight rate is a foregone conclusion.

　

The report "China Public Donation Survey" recently released by National Development Research Institute of Peking University shows that the Internet has played a great role in the popularization of donations in the past year, and the main online donation channels are WeChat friends circle and Alipay.

"After the donation, more than half of the donors will pay attention to the donation effect and share information related to the donation, and generally feel that the world is full of hope and life is meaningful, especially after the donation of materials and time." Ma Jingjing, head of China Public Donation Research Project, introduced.

According to the research report, in the past year, as many as 80.9% of the respondents said that they had participated in donations. Among them, 45.9% participated in money donation, 31.7% in material donation, 23.0% in time donation and 35.2% in behavior donation. However, the history of public donation in China is generally short, with 61% of the donors donating for less than five years, mainly at random, and the number of donations is mostly 1-3 times a year, with an average annual donation amount of 383.7 yuan per person, which is still far from the mature countries and regions, and also shows that there is still great growth potential in the field of public donation in China.

Regarding donations, the topic of the effectiveness of "rationing donations" has recently attracted people’s attention. "Matching donation" means matching donation. Generally speaking, after an individual donor donates to a non-profit organization, the enterprise donates another sum of money to the same organization in an agreed proportion. In China, "distribution donation" mostly exists in the form of Internet public welfare. For example, on the "99 Public Welfare Day" initiated by Tencent, on the Internet platform, every time the public donates 1 yuan RMB, the relevant charities will match the donation amount.

According to the survey, due to the rapid development of "emerging market" in the field of public donation in China, "distribution donation" has played a positive role in promoting public participation in small-scale charity. "This has become an incentive mechanism in China." Jin Jinping, an associate professor at Peking University Law School and director of the Research Center for Non-profit Organization Law, said.

Research Results of China Public Donation Research Project Team

Since 2016, the team of China Public Donation Research Project has been grabbing all the data of Tencent Public Welfare for research. The research data shows that from 2015 to now, 76.40% of the donations of Tencent’s public welfare platform come from the period of "distribution donation", which has brought significant growth in net fund-raising for various public welfare projects and public welfare organizations. Among them, the distribution of donations has a stronger pulling effect on the fund-raising effect of organizations with strong mobilization ability.

"Of course, at this stage, the effectiveness of’ distribution donation’ on some Internet platforms needs to be further improved. However, in the’ emerging market’ in the charity field like China, no other mechanism has been found to play a greater role than’ matching donations’. Therefore, we still have a lot of room for research and innovation on how to improve the effectiveness of’ distribution donation’. " Ma Jingjing said.

The following article comes from the state-owned enterprise view, and the author is Li Wenjia.

Enterprises view state-owned assets.

The new media number of Enterprise Observer (CN11-0279) focuses on the reform and development of state-owned and state-owned enterprises, focusing on cutting-edge issues.

In promoting the reform of mixed ownership, we should persist in strengthening incentives to enhance vitality, improve the system and mechanism, avoid "mixing and not mixing the same", reasonably determine the shareholding structure of mixed-reform enterprises, standardize the relationship between powers and responsibilities among governance subjects, and achieve clear positioning, equal rights and responsibilities, and coordinated operation.

Taishan Gypsum Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Taishan Gypsum") is an enterprise that has undergone three mixed reforms.

Many years ago, it was only a local state-owned small gypsum mining enterprise. Today, it is a large enterprise with an annual sales income of over 10 billion, an annual net profit of over 2 billion, the asset profit rate and the sales profit rate all rank first in the same industry in China, and the market share of gypsum board in China exceeds 50%.

How did all this come about?

Taishan gypsum has a long history, but its early development has been tossing and turning. It was not officially put into production until 1988, and it was only in 1992 that it was transformed from a mining enterprise to produce gypsum board.

Over the years, this little-known enterprise has been in the stage of small-scale development, and the biggest problem that restricts the development of the enterprise is lack of money.

The first mixed reform hoped to solve the problem of lack of money, which was in 1996. At that time, the registered capital of the company was 83 million yuan, of which state-owned shares accounted for 60.24% and employee shares accounted for 39.76%.

Giving employees shares can’t solve the problem of the company’s lack of money. Due to long-term operational difficulties, in 2002, under the guidance of the local government, Taishan Gypsum was privatized and 30% of its shares were sold to the principal responsible persons and management. This is the second mixed reform.

The second mixed reform released the potential of Taishan gypsum, and the company entered a benign development track and became the largest gypsum product enterprise in the industry.

But it still faces many constraints in its development.

First of all, the original culture of old state-owned enterprises has not changed much. For example, people can go in and out; Cadres can go up and down; The identity of employees has not changed and their thoughts have not changed much, which seriously restricts the development of enterprises.

Secondly, in the process of changing state-owned enterprises into private enterprises, due to the poor consideration of the reform plan, all employees hold shares, the management holds a low proportion of shares, and there is no equity withdrawal mechanism, which makes it difficult to make decisions, the new backbone can not get equity incentives, and it is difficult for the old shareholders to withdraw.

Finally, it is difficult for enterprises to raise funds. Enterprises must raise funds to develop, but it was very difficult for private enterprises in small cities to raise funds more than ten years ago.

In other words, after two mixed reforms, Taishan gypsum has not fundamentally solved the problem of lack of money.

Therefore, from 2005 to 2006, under the leadership of Tai ‘an Municipal Government and China Building Materials Group, Taishan Gypsum and Beixin Building Materials (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Beixin Building Materials"), a subsidiary of China Building Materials Group, reorganized their assets by increasing capital and shares, with a total share capital of 155.625 million shares, with 19% held by the company’s executives and employees. This is the third mixed reform, and it is also a real mixed reform.

The third mixed reform not only solved the capital problem in the development of the company, but also stimulated the vitality of the enterprise, increased the development momentum of the enterprise and created conditions for the enterprise to improve its performance.

A few days ago, the 2021 annual performance report released by Beixin Building Materials showed that the output of gypsum board products of the Group was 2.423 billion square meters, and the sales volume was 2.378 billion square meters, an increase of 18.01% over the previous year; The gross profit margin was 37.26%, an increase of 1.36 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, Taishan gypsum contributed a lot. Beixin Building Materials has achieved a leap-forward growth from a market value of less than 10 billion yuan to a market value of more than 50 billion yuan today.

Obviously, the mixed reform has achieved a win-win situation for private enterprises and state-owned enterprises: Beixin Building Materials has obtained a high-quality enterprise, and the private shareholders of Taishan Gypsum have also received rich returns in the development of the enterprise.

In an interview with Enterprise Observer, Jia Tongchun, the witness of the third mixed reform of Taishan Gypsum and the chairman of Taishan Gypsum, said "win-win" the most.

01

Major shareholders do not interfere in the normal operation of the company.

Enterprise Observer: Since the establishment of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the reform of mixed ownership has been continuously promoted. Your company is a typical example of successful reform. However, private enterprises often have many concerns about participating in mixed reform. What is the reason why Taishan Gypsum is willing to participate in mixed reform?

Jia Tongchun: It mainly stems from the trust in state-owned enterprises and state-owned entrepreneurs.

We were originally in the same trade and knew each other. In 2005, China Building Materials Group proposed that its two companies, Beixin Building Materials and Taishan Gypsum, should merge their property rights in order to gain more development space.

Considering that Beixin Building Materials, as a listed company under China Building Materials Group, has advantages in brand, resources, market and financing, if Taishan Gypsum cooperates with Beixin Building Materials, it can achieve rapid development with this advantage. At the same time, based on the overall situation of domestic economy, it is also the responsibility of our national enterprises not to let foreign enterprises dominate the China market, so we finally chose to join China Building Materials Group.

Of course, at first, we also had concerns. The main concern is whether the power of management will be marginalized and whether it will return to the state of old state-owned enterprises in management methods. China Building Materials Group said, "How can such a good management team of Taishan Gypsum be changed?", which dispelled our concerns.

As a matter of fact, China Building Materials Group and Beixin Building Materials did the same.

After Beixin Building Materials holds a large share and is wholly-owned, I am still the chairman. No one left the original management team except for retirement due to age. The senior management team has not been assigned by Beixin Building Materials for a long time, and only one CFO was assigned in 2021, which does not interfere with the normal operation of the company. This reflects the full trust of major shareholders in us. We should live up to this trust, work harder and create greater returns to shareholders.

Enterprise Observer: Some people worry that mixed ownership enterprises will lead to the loss of the original business vitality of private enterprises. Why didn’t Taishan gypsum encounter this problem?

Jia Tongchun: Because of the high cultural recognition. "Innovation, performance, harmony and responsibility" are our souls. Everyone takes personal responsibility in a harmonious family, and only innovation can create better performance.

After the mixed reform, I am gratified that Taishan gypsum has developed rapidly and healthily, and its income, profit and long-term compound growth rate have reached 25%, creating a miracle in the same industry.

First of all, the company obtained great financing support from Beixin Building Materials, and secured financing of 900 million yuan for Taishan gypsum for a long time; The reform has also created a good atmosphere for the national layout. Our private shareholders and management have taken on the responsibility of catching up with the first-class counterparts in the world and developed the production technology with unique characteristics in China. I personally contributed management wisdom and technical expertise in this great era and platform.

02

There is no distinction between high and low shareholders.

Enterprise Observer: With the deepening of mixed ownership reform, what do you think of the increasingly mature changes in concepts and systems of state-owned assets from exploration to stereotypes?

Jia Tongchun: This change has a very positive effect on guiding private capital and private enterprises.

Take China Building Materials Group as an example. Since the succession of Chairman Zhou Yuxian, he has paid more attention to our private shareholders and paid more attention to the role of private shares.

The status further clarified the "equal status" of private shares. Zhou Yuxian has repeatedly stressed that there are only a few big and small shareholders, and there is no distinction between "high and low". Non-public shareholders and state-owned shareholders have no leadership, and they should all play a role under national laws and regulations.

Ensure the role of non-public shareholders in the joint venture from the system, and arrange corresponding positions according to the principle of party management of cadres, the size of equity and the specialty of shareholders. Although I am a small non-public shareholder in Taishan Gypsum Company, I have always served as Party Secretary, Chairman and General Manager.

Since 2021, it has promoted "differentiated" management of mixed ownership companies from the group level, that is, it has implemented greater decentralization measures in terms of people, finance, materials and investment, and its benefits are obvious. In mixed-reform enterprises, managers of non-public shareholders have a share of every penny spent. How can they not care? This reduces a lot of regulatory costs. "Differentiated" management is the soul of mixed reform. Without differentiated management, mixed reform is meaningless.

In recent years, under the care and leadership of Chairman Zhou Yuxian, Taishan Gypsum has developed rapidly. Last year, despite the difficult epidemic situation and the sluggish real estate, we still achieved a huge increase of 58% in net profit. This is the positive change brought about by the improvement of the system.

03

Trust and being trustworthy are the most critical factors for the success of mixed reform.

Enterprise Observer: From the perspective of private enterprises, what do you think is the reason for the success of Taishan gypsum mixed reform? What are your experiences?

Jia Tongchun: I think trust and being trustworthy are the most critical factors for the success of mixed reform. Taishan Gypsum is incorporated into China Building Materials, and after Beixin Building Materials Holdings, if the state-owned shareholders don’t trust us, they will tell us what to do and even change management personnel; Or wearing colored glasses that "private managers must have problems" to see problems, or even appearing jealous psychology and practices, cooperation can not be carried out, and separation is inevitable.

Whether it is trustworthy as a non-public shareholder and manager is also the key. He must have the ability to do his job well; Must have a strong awareness of the red line of laws and regulations; Must have a global industry vision and deep professional knowledge; Must have a strong spirit of cooperation; In the face of some special regulations of state-owned enterprises, we must also understand and implement them.

State-owned shareholders are a complex organization with many levels, rapid changes in actual controllers and many management departments, and their voices are often inconsistent. Non-public shareholders should understand them, otherwise they will not adapt.

04

Have a long-term cooperation plan.

Enterprise Observer: In recent two years, private enterprises have shown great enthusiasm for participating in mixed ownership reform. What suggestions do you have for private enterprises wishing to participate in mixed ownership reform?

Jia Tongchun: For private enterprises:

First, don’t change for mixed reasons. If you cooperate with state-owned enterprises, in your field, the partners have no obvious advantages and the resources are not rich, so don’t mix. Second, don’t have the idea of "taking advantage". State-owned assets are sacred and inviolable, which is stipulated by the constitution. Cooperation with the idea of eroding state-owned assets is bound to fail. Third, don’t cooperate with speculative psychology, and cooperation in order to dump "burdens" and hide debts will not succeed. Fourth, there must be plans for long-term cooperation. Some private enterprise managers leave their equity in the hands of state-owned enterprises, which often puts the company in trouble and makes the participants of state-owned enterprises passive.

For state-owned enterprises, respect and trust are the basis for state-owned shareholders to do well with non-public shareholders. In the reform of mixed ownership, we should always adhere to mutual benefit and win-win with other ownership enterprises, and respect and trust non-public shareholders in the principle that private enterprises are "brought in" to achieve complementary advantages and win-win results. Endure humiliation and bear heavy burdens is honed by most private enterprise operators for many years, and should not be too demanding. Regularly evaluate whether the cooperation between mixed reform enterprises is harmonious, whether there are problems and how the performance is, and create a good business environment for the development of enterprises.

In the reform, state-owned enterprises should adhere to the combination of property rights reform and institutional innovation to enhance the vitality of micro-market entities; in the reform of mixed ownership, they should persist in strengthening incentives to enhance vitality, improve institutional mechanisms, avoid "mixing and not mixing the same", reasonably determine the ownership structure of mixed enterprises, standardize the relationship between powers and responsibilities among governance entities, and achieve clear positioning, equal rights and responsibilities, and coordinated operation; It is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees and release the market vitality of enterprises to a greater extent.

Original title: "Interview with the reform witnesses | Taishan Gypsum Jia Tongchun:" Differentiated "management is the soul of mixed reform"

　　"world internet conference is an important international platform dedicated to discussing Internet technology and its impact on society, economy and culture. This platform brings together Internet experts, technicians, government officials and business leaders from all over the world to discuss the future trends and challenges of Internet development. "

——ChatGPT

　　This paragraph is ChatGPT’s reply when we asked him "How to treat world internet conference as a platform".

　　Recently, ChatGPT, a large-scale conversational language model released by OpenAI, an artificial intelligence laboratory, has set off a frenzy in major Chinese and foreign media platforms. In just a few days, the number of its users reached millions, and the number of registered users caused the server to be full at one time. This trend shows that digital technologies such as artificial intelligence have an increasing influence on work and life.

　　The whole world is "playing", and Musk called it "too good to be scary"

　　"It’s really amazing to start playing ChatGPT recently." A scientist in the field of biology recently expressed his feelings on social media. In the questions he showed to ChatGPT, the questions included how to run the company, how to manage children, and the cultural and policy issues in China, and ChatGPT was mostly able to deal with them smoothly.

Source: techitfast

　　According to Forbes, Bill Gates said in an exclusive interview that the progress in ChatGPT and AI is exciting, and AI will be "the hottest topic in 2023".

　　Fortune magazine also pointed out that no chat robot can be compared with ChatGPT. ChatGPT can have a long conversation, answer questions and write various written materials according to people’s requirements, such as business plans, poems, computer codes and scripts. "Of course, it is not perfect. For example, the results provided are not accurate enough, the sources of information cannot be cited, and it is impossible to be careful. "

　　To this end, we have conducted some complicated tests on ChatGPT.

　　For example, this year marks the tenth anniversary of the Wuzhen Summit in world internet conference. It hopes that

　　"This summit can promote the faster development of Internet technology and bring more convenience and improvement to people ….."

　　Ask it to write a 1500-word article about the development of Internet technology, which can quickly meet the relevant needs and explain it through two aspects: "convenience" and "challenge".

　　Ask it how to run WeChat WeChat official account better, and it lists seven points.

　　Of course, it can also write programs, such as asking it to help write a "sheep has a sheep" applet. It can be written quickly and tell the meaning of this program through words.

　　Of course, ChatGPT is not omnipotent. For example, if you ask it to make a seven-character quatrain on the theme of Internet technology, it doesn’t understand the relevant rules (four sentences, seven words each). It is also reported that ChatGPT had previously confused the founders of head enterprises. This kind of ridiculous little mistake is often teased by netizens.

　　But the flaws don’t hide Yu. According to public data, the number of registered users of ChatGPT has exceeded 1 million in just five days after its launch, and the current data has exceeded 100 million.

　　According to the team of UBS analysts, since its release at the end of November, ChatGPT has reached 100 million monthly active users, which is faster than TikTok (ByteDance’s short video social platform) or Instagram(Meta’s social application). "In the 20 years of development in the Internet field, we can’t imagine any Internet application developing faster than ChatGPT."

Source: cxtoday

　　Musk also said on Twitter that ChatGPT is scary, and we are not far from the dangerous artificial intelligence. It is worth mentioning that Musk is also one of the co-founders of OpenAI.

　　Overnight, it became the "darling" sought after by global technology giants

　　Behind the enthusiastic pursuit of over 100 million users, the high-intensity attention of technology giants such as Microsoft, Meta and Amazon AWS is bringing sustained impetus to the continued popularity of ChatGPT. In the seven years since the establishment of ChatGPT’s parent company, OpenAI, Microsoft has injected 1 billion US dollars of investment and a lot of R&D strength into it.

　　In terms of commercialization, Microsoft, as an investor, beat us to it and launched an advanced version of Teams supported by ChatGPT, so as to bring users a more intelligent, personalized and private meeting experience. More than that, in the early morning of February 8th, Beijing time, Microsoft officially launched the latest version of Bing search engine and Edge browser supported by ChatGPT. The new Bing search will answer questions with a lot of contexts in a way similar to ChatGPT.

Source: Bilibili

　　"AI will fundamentally change all software and start with the biggest category of search." Satyanarayana nadella, CEO of Microsoft, said that this is "a new day for search" and "the competition starts today".

　　ChatGPT was born, which made search engine manufacturers except Microsoft "panic"!

　　Paul Buchheit, the 23rd employee of Google and the founder of Gmail, said that Google will be completely subverted in a year or two-when people’s search needs can be met with packaged and clear answers, search advertisements will have no room for survival. Google, which accounts for nearly 84% of the global search market, is still a company with 50% revenue directly from search advertising.

Source: teknomers

　　Reuters reported that Google’s parent company, Alphabet, announced that it would launch an AI (artificial intelligence) chat bot service called "Bard" and more artificial intelligence projects to cope with the new computing wave led by rival Microsoft.

Source: Google

　　Bloomberg reporter Mark Gurman posted on social networks that Apple will hold its annual internal AI summit next week. ChatGPT’s pressure on Apple is obvious. Some analysts believe that Apple’s original voice intelligence service Siri has been "crushed", and Apple needs the next generation products that compete with ChatGPT.

　　Baidu, the world’s leading Chinese search engine, is also rushing to launch ChatGPT competing products. The name of the project is determined to be "ERNIE Bot" and the English name is Ernie Bot. The internal testing of the project will be completed in March and will be open to the public. Affected by this news, Baidu’s share price rose by more than 15% that day, and the highest intraday price rose by more than 18%.

　　In addition to Baidu, Tencent, an Internet company in China, applied for the patent of "Man-machine dialogue method, device, equipment and computer-readable storage medium", which can realize smooth communication between man and machine; Alibaba Dharma Institute (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. applied for the patent of "Training method, system and electronic equipment for man-machine dialogue and pre-training language model", which can improve the accuracy of question-and-answer interaction.

　　For the fierce competitors, ChatGPT believes that,

　　With the development of technology, language model has great potential in providing artificial intelligence assistance and automatic information processing. Therefore, it is normal for more companies to flood into this field. I hope that companies can follow the principles of legality, morality and road when developing and applying language models, and bring more convenience and improvement to people.

　　Take away the "rice bowl" of mankind? Or it will start from a job with high repetition.

　　The existence of ChatGPT will not only change the traditional mode of search engines, but also affect the work of ordinary workers, and some even speculate that it will take away the "rice bowl".

　　Recently, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published an article on "How ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chat robot, affects employment" in its official website. Shamika N. Sirimanne, director of the organization’s technology and logistics department, said: "Like most technological revolutions that affect the workplace, chat robots may bring winners and losers, and will affect blue-collar and white-collar workers."

Source: pcmag

　　"Artificial intelligence will definitely replace some of the secretarial and creative and low-innovation cultural creation work, which will force human beings to improve the irreplaceable nature of their work in order to keep their jobs, thus making people’s creativity form a new quality leap." Hu Xijin, a special commentator and former editor-in-chief of Global Times, said.

　　Wu Hequan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, thinks that there is absolutely no need to worry about the appearance of ChatGPT, which is a technological progress. ChatGPT can help people do some basic work such as data collation, but it can’t replace human thinking.

　　Of course, ChatGPT also has its own answer to this topic.

　　ChatGPT believes that

　　The development and application of AI technology may affect many occupations, especially some highly repetitive jobs. For example, some simple office work, data processing and customer service work may be replaced by automation and artificial intelligence. Jobs that require high creativity and human skills, such as doctors, lawyers and artists, are unlikely to be affected.

　　In the midst of challenges, there are many opportunities. ChatGPT said:

　　"ChatGPT can provide people with valuable information and help, so it may also bring new opportunities for related occupations.

　　Where is the future? Supervision and development go hand in hand.

　　Mira Murati, chief technology officer of OpenAI, the research and development team of ChatGPT, said in an interview with Time that ChatGPT has the potential to completely change the way people learn and has great potential for personalized education.

　　She also said that the core challenge facing ChatGPT is still "model deviation". For artificial intelligence, the key problem is how to manage its use in a way that conforms to human values. Therefore, regulatory agencies need to intervene to prevent the potential negative impact of generative AI systems such as ChatGPT on society.

Source: log

　　At present, the global regulatory authorities have noticed the sensational effect of ChatGPT, and also seen the potential risks brought by this technology. The EU, which is at the forefront of technical regulations and policies, takes the lead in responding to the potential risks brought by ChatGPT.

　　The European Commission is drafting a new regulation on artificial intelligence. Thierry Breton, member of the European Commission in charge of the internal market (industry), said recently that the newly proposed artificial intelligence regulations will discuss solutions around the risks of ChatGPT chat bots and artificial intelligence technology.

　　"As ChatGPT shows, artificial intelligence solutions can provide great opportunities for enterprises and citizens, but they may also bring risks. This is why we need a solid regulatory framework to ensure reliable artificial intelligence based on high-quality data. " Brayton wrote in a written comment.

　　Previously, universities, including Science Po Paris, have banned students from using ChatGPT applications to prevent the abuse of artificial intelligence technology for plagiarism, fraud and dissemination of false information.

Source: gigazine

　　Faced with this situation, ChatGPT seems to have a clear understanding, and it thinks that its influence on the future of mankind can be divided into positive influence and negative impression.

　　The development of Al and natural language processing technology, such as the appearance of ChatGPT, may have an important impact on the future of mankind.

　　Positive impact:

　　Improve efficiency and productivity: ChatGPT can help people solve problems, get information quickly and improve work efficiency.

　　Increase knowledge: ChatGPT has a lot of information and knowledge, which can help people.

　　Provide new opportunities: The development of AI technology can bring people new job opportunities, such as developing and designing artificial intelligence systems.

　　Negative effects:

　　Changes in the labor market: Some tasks may be replaced by automation and AI, leading to changes in the labor market.

　　Skill degradation: If people rely too much on AI and automation systems, their skill level may be lowered.

　　Social inequality: If the development of AI and automation cannot bring equal opportunities to all, it may lead to the aggravation of social inequality.

　　Generally speaking, the appearance of ChatGPT may have an important impact on the future of mankind, and it is necessary to actively carry out relevant research and management to ensure the interests of mankind.

　　Every technical iteration actually changes the content of people’s intellectual activities. In ancient times, humans only needed to "eat and drink blood" and "hunt and pick"; In ancient times, people began to "farm and spin" and "recite poems against each other"; In modern times, it is "codeword programming" and "experimental calculation". So, what about later?

　　These subversive technologies once again give us an opportunity to think about "what is man-made". What do you think?

　　Audit: Zhang Ning Planning: Li Zhengyi Author: Li Fei Editor: Mu Ziye

　　Reference | Guangming Daily, Xinhua News Agency Client, CBN, national business daily, 21st century business herald, Sina Technology, Red Star News, 36Kr, Tiger Sniff, ChatGPT.

Source: world internet conference.

According to the statistics of "China Audio-Visual Big Data" (CVB), from October 16 to October 22, 2021, outstanding TV dramas celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and the TV series "Meritorious" with the focus of SARFT ushered in a grand finale; The industrial drama "Red Years" ended at a high viewing level; "Red Flag Canal", "Breakthrough" and "Forerunner" performed well when they started broadcasting. Modern revolutionary drama "Xiaguang" and urban emotional drama "Live a Good Life" have higher ratings.

Celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Excellent TV drama exhibition and broadcast repertoire

The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television focuses on directing the TV series "Meritorious Work"

This week ushered in the finale.

"Meritorious Service" was broadcast on Beijing Satellite TV, Oriental TV, Jiangsu Satellite TV and Zhejiang Satellite TV in prime time on September 26th, and closed on October 21st. During the broadcast, the number of viewers was always ranked first in the prime-time TV series of the week, with an average comprehensive rating of 0.975% for each episode of the whole drama, and the average comprehensive rating of 16 episodes exceeded 1% for each episode, with high ratings. As soon as the drama was broadcast, it attracted wide attention from the audience. The new audience who watched the live broadcast in the second week, the third week and the fourth week accounted for 56.411%, 41.420% and 29.181% respectively, which was very attractive.

Industrial drama "Red Years"

Close at a high viewing level

"Red Years" broadcast the finale on CCTV-1 comprehensive channel this week, with a single episode rating of 1.482%, ranking second in the single channel rating of prime-time TV series. The drama has been broadcast for four weeks, and the average ratings of each episode are over 1.4%, and the loyalty is over 60% for three consecutive weeks. Many ratings are among the best in prime-time TV dramas, and the viewing effect is outstanding.

Red Flag Canal, Breakthrough and Forerunner

The new drama was launched with rich screen ratings and good performance.

The modern rural drama "Red Flag Canal" tells the story that under the leadership of the Party, people in Linxian County, Henan Province built an "artificial Tianhe" Red Flag Canal on the cliff of Taihang Mountain under extremely difficult conditions for nearly ten years. On October 17th, it was launched on CCTV-1 comprehensive channel, with an average arrival rate of 2.564% and a viewing rate of 1.549% for each episode, ranking first in the single channel viewing index of prime-time TV dramas.

The contemporary urban drama "Breakthrough" tells the story of a state-owned enterprise cadre who was ordered by the crisis, United with the broad masses of cadres and masses, strengthened the building of a clean and honest party style, led enterprises to recover the lost state-owned assets, and successfully broke through in business difficulties. It was jointly broadcast on Oriental TV and Zhejiang Satellite TV on October 21st. This week, the average ratings of the drama in each episode of the two channels were 0.494% and 0.317% respectively, ranking first and fifth in the single channel ratings of prime-time TV dramas of local satellite TV. Among them, the average loyalty of each episode of Oriental TV was 62.836%, ranking second in the single channel loyalty of prime-time TV dramas, with strong ratings.

The modern revolutionary drama "Forward" tells the story that in the early 1930s, the revolutionary cause was plunged into a white terror, and party member, an underground city in Shanghai, fought to the death in the war. This week, it landed in the prime time of Beijing Satellite TV, with an average audience rating of 0.311% per episode, ranking sixth in the prime time TV series of local satellite TV.

Modern revolutionary drama "Xiaguang"

Urban emotional drama "Have a good life"

Continue to hit the ratings higher.

The modern revolutionary drama "Xiaguang" was broadcast on CCTV-8 TV channel for the third week, with an average audience rating of 1.445% per episode, ranking third in the single channel audience rating of prime-time TV series, up 11.5% from last week.

The urban emotional drama "Live a Good Life" was broadcast on Hunan Satellite TV for the third week, and the ratings continued to rise, with an average audience rating of 0.415% per episode, ranking third in the prime-time TV series of local satellite TV, up 20.6% compared with the opening week.

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