Beijing municipal parks have launched 16 holiday peak-shifting tour routes (with road map attached)









We still sort out the nonfiction books published in Britain, the United States and China in the past year, including in-depth observation of specific areas, biographies and various forms of reportage, just as we did a year ago, which can be regarded as a New Year gift for nonfiction lovers and publishers, and a reference for reading and selecting books.
American prisons: reporters undercover to see the business opportunities of punishment
American Prison: A Reporter’s Undercover Journey Into the Business of Punishment
Author: Shane Bauer
Press: Penguin Press
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

Shane Bauer, an investigative journalist, recently published his experience as a prison supervisor in a private prison in Louisiana, revealing that the prison industry with billions of assets is full of violence, corruption, corruption and incompetence. The book is thought-provoking to read.
Home and everything: a family and the fragmentation of America
Amity and Prosperity:One Family and the Fracturing of America
Author: Eliza Griswold
Press: Farrar, Straus & Giroux
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year

The author describes passionately the tragedy between man and nature caused by government neglect and human greed in a small town in Pennsylvania. The author, a poet and journalist, recorded the crisis of local water resources in a novel style.
Arthur Ashe: All my life.
Arthur Ashe: A Life
Author: Raymond Arsenault
Press: Simon & Schuster
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The first biography of an American tennis star. He is a legend, a pioneer and the first black tennis player to win the men’s singles Grand Slam. Not only that, he also broke racial discrimination and became a fighter and well-known in the civil rights movement. The author has done amazing research on the tennis champion, including more than 100 interviews, and also put Ashe in the background of the great era, telling how African-American athletes seek equal opportunities and respect.
Scum: Secrets and Lies of Silicon Valley Entrepreneurship
Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup
Author: John Carreyrou
Press: Knopf
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Time magazine’s best non-fiction of the year
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
GoodReads best non-fiction of the year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The story of Theranos, a biotech company with billions of assets, is more like a thriller. The reporter who exposed the shady story was threatened by the charming female president and her lawyer, but still resolutely completed all the reports. In 2014, female president Elizabeth Holmes was regarded as a female Jobs. She dropped out of Stanford University and entered the pharmaceutical industry, claiming that she could make a faster and more convenient blood test instrument. She attracted an investment of 900 million dollars, and her value soared to 470 million dollars, but she encountered a problem: this instrument could not do these tests at all. The author not only tells this scam, but also tells the ambition and boldness of Silicon Valley entrepreneurs.
City explosion: the legend of Oklahoma City, its chaotic start, deceptive basketball team and dream of becoming a world-class metropolis.
Boom Town: The Fantastical Saga of OklahomaCity, its Chaotic Founding… its Purloined Basketball Team, and the Dream ofBecoming a World-class Metropolis
Author: Sam Anderson
Press: Crown
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon best non-fiction
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
GoodReads’s best history of the year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The city of Oklahoma was founded in chaos. Since then, it has been a place where wild and outsiders seek their dreams. The city is full of bold and ambitious people. Sam Anderson, a former The New York Times writer, came here to write about its history, sports reports, anecdotes, study local planning and many fascinating stories, and also visited many city people, from NBA players to legendary meteorologists and civil rights figures, showing a rich portrait of the city.
Gunmen Brothers: Memoirs of the Syrian War
Brothers of the Gun: A Memoir of the Syrian War
Authors: Marwan Hisham, Molly Crabapple.
Press: One World
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Syrian Hisham, a young journalist, has captured all kinds of details about his country’s desperate situation, and at the same time, he has deeply thought about the issues of relatives, homeland and freedom. This book is the first-hand information of the Syrian war, and also tells how it led to international disaster and global war. Realism and idealism, violence and restraint. Courage, creativity and hope still exist in the war.
Calypso
Calypso
Author: David Sedaris
Publisher: Little Brown and Company
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon biography of the year
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The author bought a house on the coast of California and lived like a holiday, but he encountered a problem: you can’t take a holiday. Essays full of cold humor in the book explore heavy topics such as middle-aged crisis and death, which makes people laugh and make people think. When your past is more than your future, how do you deal with it? One of the darkest and warmest works.
Churchill: Walking with Fate
Churchill: Walking With Destiny
Author: Andrew Roberts
Publishing house: Viking
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review
Guardian of the Year
Spectator magazine’s best of the year

Churchill’s life was full of glory and disaster. Historian Andrew Roberts balanced his flattery and contempt, excavated new historical materials and told the details of the indispensable figures in this world. This is the best one in Churchill’s biography.
The cost of life: an autobiography in progress
The Cost of Living: A Working Autobiography
Author: Deborah Levy
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

The famous British novelist and poet described his daily life and how he tried to build a happy and meaningful home. She also talked about the pressure of her mother’s death, as well as the daily life of women, young travelers reading in bars, outstanding female students and so on. There is also a kind and heartless 80-year-old book seller who gave the author a place to write at the most difficult moment in his life. This book has the power to comfort people.
The Dark Ages: Christianity Destroys the Classical World
The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World
Author: Catherine Nixey
Press: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

The author exposed many terrorist incidents caused by Christians. Nowadays, most people think that the spread of Christianity is a "great achievement", but behind the success, believers suppressed tradition, which led to the weakness of western culture for thousands of years. Only one percent of Latin literature survived from them, and countless antiques, artworks and ancient traditions disappeared forever.
Dead girl: living American obsession
Dead Girls:Essays on Surviving an American Obsession
Author: Alice Bolin
Publisher: William Morrow Paperbacks
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

The author tells about the racial discrimination he faced in his life in Los Angeles, the troubles he suffered as a teenager, and also studies the story of witches. This book begins with exploring women in many fictional stories, talking about the injustice and pressure women face in modern life, and reshaping their images in the media and culture.
Dinosaur artist: obsessed, betrayed and looking for the ultimate trophy of the earth
The Dinosaur Artist:Obsession, Betrayal, and the Quest for Earth’s Ultimate Trophy
By Paige Williams
Press: Hachette Books
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.

In 2012, the skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex appeared in new york auction house, which was finally sold for millions of dollars. Now, the dragon with 49,135 fossils is on display in Mongolia, 6,000 miles from Manhattan. Eric Prokopi, who was 38 years old, took the fossils to the auction house. He was fascinated by fossils and made a living by selling them to natural history museums and private collectors like Leonardo DiCaprio.
This book tells about the relationship between human beings and natural history, as well as the conflict between science and business. The story begins in Florida and goes all the way to the Gobi Desert. It depicts the history of finding fossils. It is a deep and sometimes risky business. There are many weirdos and addicts in the circle. Whether they are poachers or hunters, collectors or smugglers, enthusiasts or opportunists is sometimes unclear. This book spans continents, cultures and thousands of years to study those who have the ultimate past of the earth.
Addiction: Drug dealers, doctors and pharmaceutical companies who are addicted to the United States.
Dopesick:Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company That Addicted America
Author: Beth Macy
Press: Little, Brown and Company
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon’s best non-fiction of the year
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
GoodReads best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

This book completely records the opium crisis in the United States. Beth Macy is a journalist who shows readers the heartland of American addiction for more than twenty years. From remote villages in lapac, to affluent urban suburbs, from desperate urban centers to once-idyllic farms, there is a miserable life brought by opium drugs everywhere. The author described the suffering with deep compassion.
Education: A Memoir
Educated: A Memoir
Author: Tara Westover
Press: Random House
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon biography of the year
Time magazine’s best non-fiction of the year
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
GoodReads Best Biography and Memoirs of the Year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The author was born in a survivalist family in the mountains of Idaho, and didn’t enter the classroom for the first time until he was 17 years old. Her family is far away from the mainstream society and has no consideration for educating their children. When one of her brothers showed violent tendencies, no one stopped her. The other brother was admitted to the university, and Tara also wanted to find a new life. The thirst for knowledge finally changed her, and she went to Harvard and Cambridge, but after she walked so far and learned so much, she began to consider whether it was possible to go home.
Epiphany: Rationality, Science, Humanism and Progress
Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress
Author: Steven Pinker
Publishing house: Viking
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
GoodReads best non-fiction of the year
Guardian of the Year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

If you think the world is coming to an end, please think twice: now people live longer, healthier, more free and happier lives. Although there are great problems, this book also puts forward the possibility of solving them with rationality and science. The author hopes that people will put down the shocking headlines or prophetic doomsday remarks and follow the data analysis. In the past 75 years, everything in the world has been improving-this is not caused by cosmic forces, but the result of rational and scientific promotion of human development.
Fatal Disagreement: The Battle between Erasmus, Luther and Western Values
Fatal Discord: Erasmus, Luther and the Fight for the Western Mind
Author: Michael Massing
Press: Harper
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Biographies of two great thinkers Erasmus and Martin Luther. Both of them have a great influence on the world trend of thought, and their views are often opposite. The author returned to the 16th century to rethink the life of western intellectuals, and their understanding of philosophy and religion changed. He believed that Europeans accepted Erasmus’s humanitarian thought, while in the New World, people were greatly influenced by Martin Luther’s individualism.
Feel free: essays
Feel Free:Essays
Author: Zadie Smith
Press: Penguin Press
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Zadie Smith, a famous novelist, recently published his own collection of essays, including his first works. She talked about the nature of happiness, books, culture, politics and her own life, as well as freedom in social media and aesthetics. This anthology is full of wise, heartfelt, indignant and sharp views, which is an excellent footnote of this era.
Bloody Battle: Violence in Congress and the Road to Civil War
The Field of Blood: Violence in Congress and the Road to Civil War
By Joanne B. Freeman
Press: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

A famous historian told a violent incident in the Capitol, which was the unknown fuse of the American Civil War. The author collected detailed historical materials to explain why the civil war originated from this conflict. In fact, history also tells us that legislation is often interrupted by threats of violence, table overturning and hand-to-hand combat, and the same is true of slavery.
aviatrix
Fly Girls
Author: Keith O’Brien
Press: Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon’s best history of the year
GoodReads best biography of the year

One of the most dangerous jobs in the world war is to be a pilot. This book tells the story of five brave American female pilots. One of the most famous and courageous is amelia earhart. Among them are cleaners who dropped out of high school, divorced women, mothers of two children, and children who broke the expectations of their families. Faced with the pressure from male pilots, they broke the secular prejudice, turned the tide in the war and changed history. Their stories are touching and heartbreaking.
Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom
Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom
Author: David W. Blight
Press: Simon & Schuster
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon biography of the year
Time magazine’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

A fighter, revolutionary, politician, orator and writer in the 19th century, Douglas was a legend of that era. After he escaped from slave life in Maryland, he became a leader in the abolition of slavery and social reform, and his influence covered the whole United States, fighting for black rights all his life. In his time, people took him as a counterexample of the saying that slaves lacked intelligence and could not become American citizens. He was also the first black man to serve as a diplomatic envoy in the US government. This book uses the latest historical materials and private collections to tell his dramatic life.
Gandhi: the years that changed the world 1914-1948
Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World, 1914-1948
Author: Ramachandra Guha
Press: Knopf
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

This book begins with Gandhi’s arrival in Mumbai in January, 1915, and leads readers to experience the tangled time in the next 30 years. In the face of British colonial rule, the relationship between Hinduism and Islam, Gandhi shocked the British authorities and religious system with non-violent resistance. It was also during this period that civil disobedience spread all over the world. The author reshaped Gandhi’s life and work, and quoted Gandhi’s notes that had never been made public in the past. This book describes not only Gandhi, but also his family and friends, as well as his relationship with political and social leaders, showing the complexity of his thoughts, motives and actions.
God saves Texas: going deep into the hinterland
God Save Texas: A Journey into the Soul of the Lone Star State
Author: Lawrence Wright
Press: Knopf
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon best non-fiction
GoodReads’s best history of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Twin Towers Crisis explores the history, culture and politics of Texas with humorous style. He went deep into the controversial and diverse Texas in the United States, where ethnic minorities became the majority and the state with the largest number of Muslims in the United States. Texas’s oil dominates the local economy, and it has surpassed California to become the place that exports the most scientific and technological products. In many ways, Texas is still the place that the Trump era wants to create. The author not only described here in many aspects, but also speculated on the possible future direction of the United States.
Heavy: Memoirs of America
Heavy: An American Memoir
Author: Kiese Laymon
Publisher: Scribner
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
PublishersWeekly is an annual non-fiction.
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
GoodReads Best Biography and Memoirs of the Year
Library journal’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The author recorded his personal life and put it in the American social environment. He wrote about his experience of abuse, sexual assault, dropping out of college, etc., and also described his complicated relationship with his mother and grandmother. In his article, he also wrote about anorexia, obesity, sex and endless gambling, trying to ask his mother, ethnic group, himself and readers through these taboo topics-how to love and get freedom in such a situation. A fearless anthology.
How to change your mind: What the new discovery of hallucinogens can tell us about consciousness, death, addiction, despair and breakthrough.
How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of PsychedelicsTeaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence
Author: Michael Pollan
Press: Penguin Press
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
PublishersWeekly is an annual non-fiction.
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year

The author embarked on a long journey when he studied hallucinogens used to treat depression, addiction and other cases. He digs into history, tells the truth about hallucinogens that were well known in the 1960s, and strips them of their mystery. He also embarked on a spiritual journey, personally experienced hallucinogens, and wrote a wonderful work that combined science, memoirs, travel literature, history and medicine. This is also an excellent reading by participatory journalism, which not only explores the puzzles of human consciousness, but also tells the joys and sorrows brought by this world-this is the essence of life.
fragment
In Pieces
Author: Sally Field
Press: Grand Central Publishing
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon biography of the year
GoodReads Best Biography and Memoirs of the Year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

Sally field, who won the Oscar for Best Actress twice, is also a natural writer. Instead of looking for someone to ghostwrite, she used her sincere and fresh brushwork to review the past, told behind-the-scenes stories that only Hollywood stars knew, and explored various relationships in her life, especially her complicated feelings with her mother. The life of this particularly important actress in the second half of the 20th century is both inspiring and unforgettable.
Deep into the raging sea: 33 sailors, a storm and a sunken ship
Into the Raging Sea: Thirty-Three Mariners, One Megastorm, and the Sinking of El Faro
Author: Rachel Slade
Press: Ecco
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

The hurricane on October 1, 2015 trapped the El Faro in the ocean, and the sea quickly swallowed it up, making it the worst shipwreck in the history of American shipping in 35 years. The author conducted hundreds of interviews with sailors’ families and marine experts, together with the sailor’s conversation recorded by the ship’s radio recorder, to uncover the mystery of the sinking of El Faro. Before her, no one could explain why the giant cargo ship with good communication equipment suddenly disappeared from the sea in the face of the storm. She also revealed that the shipping industry’s profits were meager, and the hurricane caused by global warming swept away everything in the industry.
Book of the library
The Library Book
Author: Susan Orlean
Press: Simon & Schuster
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
GoodReads best non-fiction of the year
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year

On April 29th, 1986, a fire engulfed the Los Angeles Library. The fire reached 2,000 degrees and lasted for more than 7 hours, burning 400,000 books and damaging 700,000. The cause of the fire has always been a mystery. If it was arson, who did it? Susan Orlean, an award-winning journalist and writer, investigates this mystery with her love for books. She is full of wisdom, insight and passion to lead readers on the journey of exploring the truth, and also writes about the reasons why public places, especially libraries, are still important places in this electronic age.
Looking for Lorraine: The Bright and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry
Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry
Author: Imani Perry
Press: Beacon Press
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Lorraine Hansbury, an American woman writer who became famous for her book Raisins in the Sun, died at the age of 34. She supported the civil rights movement and black leaders all her life, and was an enemy of the beat poets and hippie villages. Although married, she is actually a lesbian. This book traces the short life of Hans Berry and her tragedy.
99 glances: Princess Margaret
Ninety-Nine Glimpses of Princess Margaret
By Craig Brown
Press: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
Spectator magazine’s best of the year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

Princess Margaret made John Lennon blush, told Princess Diana to shut up, and humiliated Elizabeth Taylor. Andy Howell took pictures of her, and she was also the object of Picasso’s sexual fantasies. She was once the most desirable woman in the world, but she was never a happy person in the eyes of relatives and friends. She is the opposite story of Cinderella, who hopes to be broken all her life and never gains happiness. Based on interviews, diaries and other materials, the author tells the story of the princess’s folly, dreams and parallel life. She is a bohemian in the upper class. A witty and profound biography.
Fires without ashes: the rite of passage for African-Americans’ freedom
No Ashes in the Fire: Coming of Age Black and Free in America
By darnell lmore
Publishing house: Nation Books
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

When the author was 14 years old, his neighbors tried to burn him to death, and he was bullied on the way after school. People thought he was gay, and he was splashed with gasoline and survived several times. DarnellL Moore, who is now a well-known award-winning author, shares his frightened and humiliated adolescence with readers in this book. He is not only a survivor, but also finds his purpose in life: to love those who love himself and love his hometown. He inspires readers to struggle for freedom, even if they live on the edge of society, they should dream.
There is no turning back: life and death and hope of Syria in wartime
No Turning Back: Life, Loss,and Hope in Wartime Syria
Author: Rania Abouzeid
Press: W. W. Norton & Company
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Reporter Rania Abouzied recorded the tragedy of the Syrian war and told the story of four young people looking for security and freedom in a turbulent country. The author went deep into the battlefield for five years, took readers into Assad prison, watched the secret meeting there and witnessed the formation of ISIS. The dramatic fate of the characters in the book shows that the seeds of hope grow in the darkest land of the 21st century.
Poison rescue team: a persistent chemist’s food safety battle in the 19th-20th century.
The Poison Squad: OneChemist’s Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the TwentiethCentury
Author: Deborah Blum
Press: Penguin Press
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Deborah Blum, a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, tells the true story of a persistent struggle for food safety in the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. One of the most important figures is chemist Harvey Washington Wiley. At that time, even milk in the United States might not be safe. Wiley tried to legislate on food hygiene, but also experimented on volunteers. The author tells a story full of justice, but there are also some paragraphs that challenge readers’ moral bottom line.
Rise and Murder: The Secret History of Israeli Assassination
Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations
Author: Ronen Bergman
Press: Random House
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Ronen Bergman, a journalist and military researcher, has worked with many current and former Israeli military officials. This book tells the unknown Israeli assassination plans: their success and failure, and the physical and mental costs paid by the men and women involved in these plans. This plan not only challenges the bottom line of human morality, but also may become an efficient means to annihilate terrorists.
She shares her mother’s laughter: genetic strength, conservation and potential.
She Has Her Mother’s Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity
By Carl Zimmer
Publisher: Dutton
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.
Guardian of the Year
Darwin raised the question of genes but failed to answer it. Today, genetic testing is becoming more and more common, and people find relatives, ancestors and identification through genetic technology. CarlZimmer, a The New York Times science and technology columnist, combines history with contemporary science and technology research, and tells some interesting stories about his own genes inherited by his two daughters, discussing a huge and profound topic: who we really are and what we will leave for future generations.
child
Small Fry
Author: Lisa Brennan-Jobs
Publishing house: Grove Press
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon biography of the year
PublishersWeekly is an annual non-fiction.
GoodReads Best Biography and Memoirs of the Year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

Jobs’s daughter reviewed her bleak childhood and growing experience. The book is full of fighting spirit, wisdom and lively and interesting. Young LisaBrennan-Jobs is an excellent guide, showing readers the magic of growing up in a unique family. This book not only tells their family story, but also is a love letter written to the fascinating period of 1970-1980s in California.
The soul of the yellow race: anthology
The Souls of Yellow Folk: Essays
Author: Wesley Yang
Press: W. W. Norton & Company
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year

When the author writes about race, sex and other issues, there are no cliches and routines, and he does not talk about those tiring topics such as politics. He focused on artists, campus shooters, hard-working immigrants, etc., analyzing them layer by layer, and his style was full of sympathy. When he restated Seung-Hui Cho, the main suspect in the campus shooting at Virginia Tech in 2007, he also explored the mentality of Asian Americans.
Entanglement Tree: A New History of Radical Life
The Tangled Tree: A Radical New History of Life
Author: David Quammen
Press: Simon & Schuster
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.

In this book, the author explains the new discovery of molecular research, the development of genes on the tree of life, which not only grows regularly along branches, but also may jump from one branch to another. New technology has enabled humans to edit genes. In fact, nature has been editing genes all the time. This book is an excellent and easy-to-understand guide to genes and evolution.
There is no miracle here: memoirs
There Will Be No Miracles Here: A Memoir
Author: Casey Gerald
Press: Riverhead Books
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon biography of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

The author described an era of despair. His childhood was very miserable. He began to talk about it on New Year’s Eve in Dallas in 1999. He stayed in his grandfather’s evangelical church to watch their ceremony. His mother always disappeared inexplicably. He also lived in the street with his sister. His home was a cardboard box and he lived on her disability allowance. Later, he became a football player and became famous almost overnight. He saw the world of the rich, and at the same time he saw the oppression of the marginal people by this world. The author puts forward a question that tortures people’s hearts: if living the life you want means losing your heart, then what is the meaning of life?
Those truths: American history
These Truths:A History of the United States
Author: Jill Lepore
Press: W. W. Norton & Company
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
Amazon’s best history of the year
Time magazine’s best non-fiction of the year
Washington post’s Top 50 Books of the Year
GoodReads’s best history of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

An ambitious solo book on American history. Jill Lepore, a columnist and historian of The New Yorker, authoritatively recorded the rise, division and success or failure of this country. This book is also a shot in the arm urgently needed in this era, which makes people thoroughly see the beauty and tragedy in American history.
Invisible places: crisis, resistance and hope about American cities
What the Eyes Don’t See: A Story of Crisis, Resistance, and Hope in an American City
Author: Mona Hanna-Attisha
Press: One World
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year

Dr Mona Hanna-Attisha, researchers, family members, friends and community leaders found that flint river, the source of drinking water in Flint, Michigan, contained a high concentration of neurotoxin lead. They embarked on a long road to expose the truth of government dereliction of duty. In 2016, the governor of Michigan declared Flint in a state of emergency, and residents of Flint could only live on bottled water provided by the state government. This book tells a shameful disaster story and a hopeful story-people in a city unite and fight for a better life for their next generation.
Why comics: from underground to all over the world
Why Comics? : From Underground to Everywhere
Author: Hillary Chute
Press: Harper
The New York Times’s best non-fiction of the year
The author is a scholar who specializes in the history of comics. She has deeply analyzed the various categories from underground comics to popular comic novels, and also recorded the fearless creators and staff behind one comic. She wrote a comic guide, which is not only for readers who want to know about comics, but also for comic fans who want to go deep behind their favorite works.
In my inner eyes: a diary
In My Mind’s Eye: A Thought Diary
Author: Jan Morris
Publisher: Faber & Faber
Financial Times Non-fiction of the Year

Jan morris, a famous travel writer, was praised by The Times as the best writer of this era. The first part of this new book contains her diary published in the Financial Times in 2017.
This vigorous fighter and journalist, who spent half a century traveling around the world, wrote many of his own voices, with a funny, sensitive and moving style. When she was about to turn 90, Morris wrote about the world from cats to cars, from traveling to home, as well as music and writing itself.
The End of the Earth: Anthology
The End of the End of the Earth : Essays
Author: Jonathan Franzen
Press: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Financial Times Non-fiction of the Year

The new anthology of novelist Jonathan Franzen includes the articles he has written in the past five years. He discussed how to live in today’s global climate change, and wrote about his journey to New Zealand, East Africa for bird watching, and to Antarctica for penguin watching. He is a bird lover, and when he writes about birds, he actually writes his own thoughts: they are beautiful and tenacious, and deserve our action to love and protect them. Although the author puts forward a deep question in the book: when the world seems to have come to an end, what is the point of what we do? His answer is full of rational hope, which is a warm reading in this desperate era.
Warm South: How the Mediterranean Sea Shapes the British Imagination
The Warm South: How the Mediterranean Shaped the BritishImagination
Author: Robert Holland
Press: Yale University Press
Financial Times Non-fiction of the Year

Since the 18th century, young people in the upper class in Europe have a tradition of traveling to Europe. British artists, writers and poets have been drawing inspiration from the light, heat and color of the Mediterranean. For travelers, this is a land of magic and dreams. British travelers’ love for the Mediterranean is also reflected in many cultural and artistic works. The author is a world-famous historian who studies the Mediterranean. He wrote Damian Hurst’s installation works from Byron’s poems, showing the inspiration and disillusionment that the Mediterranean has given travelers.
The Life of Saul Bello: Love and Conflict from 1965 to 2005
The Life of Saul Bellow: Love and Strife 1965-2005
Author: Zachary Leader
Press: Knopf
Financial Times Non-fiction of the Year

Saul Bello, an American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976 and Pulitzer Prize winner, devoted his life to writing. This book mainly tells about his private life and unpleasant marriages. His women are all extremely intelligent, full of charm and strong desire. At the age of 85, he gave birth to his fourth child, a girl, with his fifth wife, but there were many contradictions between him and his first three sons.
Dante’s Divine Comedy: An Endless Journey
Dante’s Divine Comedy: A Journey Without End
Author: Ian Thomson
Press: Head of Zeus
Financial Times Non-fiction of the Year

Dante’s Divine Comedy may make people feel far away and it is not easy to finish reading it. In fact, it also echoes our current society: it tells the story that everyone sets out to seek salvation in the world. The author has written a reading guide for the Divine Comedy, to guide readers who are lost in poetry.
Berries of the heart: memoirs
Heart Berries:A Memoir
Author: Terese Marie Mailhot
Publisher: Counterpoint
Library journal’s best non-fiction of the year
National Public Radio (NPR) Best of the Year

Poetically and powerfully tells the growth history of a woman on the northwest coast of Canada. The author suffers from stress disorder and bipolar disorder, but she overcomes mental illness through writing. The achievement of this process is the book. In the book, she recalls the social worker’s mother, her reconciliation with the father of an alcoholic artist, and her father’s mysterious murder. She wrote about love, memories, accepting each other and accepting herself. The control over stories and words is amazing.
Call me American: Memoirs
Call Me American:A Memoir
Author: Abdi Nor Iftin
Press: Knopf
Library journal’s best non-fiction of the year
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

The author from Somalia studied English from American pop music when he was a child. His idol was Schwarzenegger. When he first saw American soldiers in the capital Mogadishu, he felt very excited. His enthusiasm for American culture even made him famous in Mogadishu for a time, but when extremist groups took control of it in 2006, he got into trouble and eventually had to flee to Kenya to become a refugee. With incredible luck, the author got the opportunity to enter the United States, and he recorded this long road. This inspiring memoir vividly shows that western society is still attractive and it can still bring people a better life.
Reporter: memoirs
Reporter: A Memoir
By Seymour Hersh
Press: Knopf
Publishers Weekly is an annual non-fiction.
The Best Non-fiction of the Year in the Kirkus Review

For a long time, Pulitzer Prize winner Seymour Hersh has won many brave front pages of newspapers with his fearless reports, and his reports have never been controversial. In this memoir, the reporter tells the driving force that drove him to become such an independent outsider, and tells the stories behind many stories, including how to follow clues, train whistleblowers, challenge authority and win. He also revealed previously undisclosed information in the book, including the massacre in the Vietnam War. This memoir reminds people of the golden age of news, and it also has the power to make people regain their news beliefs.
Pay attention to WeChat official account’s "nonfiction" (ID: Feixugou-nonfiction) and get the latest trends of nonfiction reading at home and abroad.

The strategic cooperation between Geely and Baidu has made new progress. On August 14th, Geely Holding Group announced the launch of the high-end smart car robot brand "Jiyue" and announced the name of its first model.
The announcement jointly issued by the two parties disclosed that Geely and Baidu are positioned as manufacturers and enablers respectively. The former will rely on its vast structure of pure electric exclusive SEA, give full play to its competitive advantages in R&D, manufacturing and supply chain management, and be responsible for the production and manufacture of intelligent automobile robots. The latter will continue to fully empower the new brand with AI technology capabilities such as intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and ERNIE Bot.
Different from the establishment of Jidu Automobile, the establishment of Jiyue brand announced that Geely went from behind the scenes to the front of the stage, while Baidu retreated from the front of the stage to the back of the stage. The fundamental reason is that the qualification examination for building cars has become stricter, while Jidu Automobile led by Baidu has not obtained the qualification for the production of new energy vehicles.
According to the planning of Geely and Baidu, in the future, Jidu Automobile will focus on the research and development of high-end intelligent solutions, and will leverage Geely’s qualifications and manufacturing capabilities to turn intelligent products from ideas into reality.
The reporter of Blue Whale Finance noticed that at present, the original content of official website of Jidu Automobile is no longer visible, and it is replaced by a line of words, "Your car robot is on its way."
Geely and Baidu’s cooperation model are in line with Huawei and Celeste?
As early as January 2021, Baidu announced the formation of a smart car company to enter the automobile industry as a vehicle manufacturer. In March of the same year, it and Geely jointly established Jidu Automobile Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Jidu Automobile" in the text), with Baidu indirectly holding 55% and Geely indirectly holding 45%. According to the shareholding ratio, Baidu had absolute dominance over Jidu Automobile at that time.
However, due to the increasingly strict qualification examination, Jidu Automobile has to face the dilemma of having no car to build.
In line with the development trend of new energy vehicles, in 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission, together with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, issued the production qualification of pure electric passenger cars to newly-established car-making enterprises that met the requirements, and on July 10th of the same year, the "Regulations on the Administration of Newly-built Pure Electric Passenger Cars" was implemented. According to the regulations, newly-built enterprises must first obtain the approval of investment projects from the National Development and Reform Commission, and then pass the enterprise and product assessment according to the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
At that time, the license of the National Development and Reform Commission was called "big qualification" in the industry, and the approval of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology was called "small qualification". Only newly-built enterprises with two qualifications can put their products on the market.
From the implementation of the regulations to January 2018, only 16 enterprises, including Beiqi New Energy, Changjiang Automobile, Chery New Energy, Jianghuai Volkswagen and Changhe Suzuki, were approved for qualification. Since then, the door to funding has been closed, and no new qualified enterprises have been added. The new car-making forces that have risen in the future can only realize their dream of making cars through acquisition, OEM and cooperation with enterprises with production qualifications.
In January 2022, Jidu Automobile completed nearly $400 million in Series A financing, which was jointly increased by Baidu and Geely. In late June of the same year, Geely withdrew from the ranks of shareholders of Jidu Automobile, and Baidu indirectly wholly owned Jidu Automobile. On December 5th, the company name of Jidu Automobile was changed to Shanghai Mihang Automobile Co., Ltd., and the only foreign investment record of the company was that it subscribed 35% shares of Hangzhou Jiyueyue Automobile Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Jiyueyue Automobile Technology") with a capital contribution of 3.5 million yuan, and the remaining 65% shares were subscribed by Geely Investment, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Geely Holding Group.

Some insiders believe that Jiyue Automobile Technology, which was just established on August 9 this year, was built by Geely to operate the Jiyue brand. It is worth noting that as early as December 5, 2017, Geely Holding Group applied for 12 kinds of ultra-Vietnamese trademarks, and the goods/services corresponding to the trademarks covered automobiles, automobile chassis, motorcycles and tires for carrying work. On November 20, 2018, 12 categories of ultra-Vietnamese trademarks were approved for registration.
Backed by Geely, Jiyue finally solved the qualification problem. Baidu also identified the development direction of Jidu Automobile as: "Continue to focus on the definition of smart car products and AI intelligent technology innovation, and create a high-level intelligent complete solution for automobiles".
Many people in the industry believe that the cooperation model between Geely and Baidu is very similar to Huawei’s joint car companies to create new brands. At present, there are three main modes of cooperation between Huawei and car companies: one is the parts mode of selling standardized auto parts products; The second is the Huawei Inside mode (referred to as "HI mode") that provides full-stack smart car solutions; Third, deeply participate in product and vehicle design, and provide intelligent selection mode of sales network channels. At present, there is no more information about the brand of Jiyue and the cooperation form between Geely and Baidu, and what kind of sparks will collide between the two sides remains to be announced.
Zeng Yan’s new model benchmarking
On August 14th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the 374th batch of "Announcement of Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products", and the ultra-yue brand pure electric multi-purpose passenger car was impressively listed.
According to the official pictures released by Jiyue, the appearance of Jiyue 01 is the same as that of the first automobile robot ROBO-01 previously released by Jidu Automobile.
On December 30, 2022, ROBO-01 was unveiled at the Guangzhou Auto Show. According to the information released by Jidu Automobile, the ROBO-01 is built on the vast framework of Geely SEA. It adopts the front all-aluminum double wishbone/rear all-aluminum H-Arm multi-link independent suspension, with a body size (length, width and height) of 4,853 mm× 1990 mm× 1611 mm and a wheelbase of 3,000 mm. It comes standard with the 8295 chip of Qualcomm’s fourth-generation Snapdragon digital cockpit platform, and the AI computing power is 30TOPS of OPS.
In addition to the above-mentioned known information, the latest application information shows that the newly unveiled Extreme Yue 01 will provide two power versions of single motor and double motor, with the maximum power of single motor of 200kW and the total power of double motor version of 400kW. The single-motor version will be equipped with a ternary lithium battery with a capacity of 100kWh from Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, with a pure battery life of up to 600km.
Jidu Automobile once regarded Tesla as its main competitor, and its released ROBO-01 also formed a benchmark with Tesla Model Y in appearance and configuration. Therefore, the extreme crossing 01, which is in the same strain as ROBO-01, will face the situation of confronting Model Y head-on.
Baidu CEO Li Yanhong once said that Jidu Automobile is "ahead of Tesla generation" in intelligent driving ability, and the biggest highlight of ROBO-01 production model is also intelligent driving and intelligent network connection. Xia Yiping, CEO of Jidu, also mentioned that "the space life and interior decoration of Jidu car are definitely better than Tesla Model Y, and the core users are very coincident with Tesla."

In the face of Tesla, which adjusted its price many times during the year, and even bluntly sold cars at zero profit, it is still unknown whether Extreme Yue 01 can create sales success by virtue of Geely’s brand endorsement and Baidu’s technical empowerment. But for both partners, learning from each other’s strengths is indeed an efficient choice to stand out in the increasingly competitive market environment.
Overseas network reported on November 21 that it has been eight years since the Fukushima nuclear accident, but there are still a large number of pollutants waiting to be treated in Fukushima Prefecture. Especially recently, the outside world has been worried about the large amount of radioactive cooling water stored in the water tank of Fukushima nuclear power plant. On November 21, the Japanese government convened embassies in Tokyo to hold a briefing on the current situation and how to deal with these sewage, and once again said at the meeting that discharging polluted water into the sea was "very harmful".
According to a report by Japan’s Sankei Shimbun on the 21st, foreign embassies attending the briefing came from 18 countries and regions. The heads of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Tokyo Electric Power Company said at the meeting that the total amount of tritium in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is 860 Mbeki, and even if it is completely discharged into the ocean within one year, the radiation amount is about 0.052-0.62 microsieverts. However, the natural amount of radiation received in normal life is 2100 microsieverts a year.
The Japanese government distributed relevant data to the personnel of foreign embassies, and said that from the data point of view, "(polluted water discharged into the ocean) is very harmless."
If the polluted water is really discharged, is it necessary to reprocess other radioactive substances except tritium? Some foreign embassy staff asked "how can Japan ensure the effectiveness of reprocessing work?" The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan replied that it is feasible to use the new sewage treatment equipment "Multi-nuclide Removal Equipment (ALPS)".
Earlier reports said that more than eight years after the Fukushima nuclear accident, Japan has not yet decided how to deal with these radioactive waters. A working group of the Japanese government has selected five options, including discharging cooling water into the Pacific Ocean.
Four reactors of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant have been melted down, so it is necessary to continuously inject water into them in order to keep the fuel inside the reactors cool. Since the disaster, radioactive water has leaked from the reactor and mixed with groundwater and rainwater. And this nuclear power plant has accumulated more than 1 million tons of water in nearly 1000 water tanks. The water has been treated, but it still contains some radioactive elements. Tokyo Electric Power Company also said that by 2022, the water storage space will be exhausted.
The last time the Japanese government convened embassy staff from various countries to attend the Fukushima nuclear accident briefing was in September this year (2019), when diplomats from 22 countries and regions participated. The briefing on the 21st will be the 104th so far.
The Japanese government has always said that it is harmless to discharge polluted sewage from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the sea. Japan’s Ministry of Industry said that the discharge of water contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident into the sea meets safety standards, and stressed that the risk of such discharge to human health is minimal.
South Korea has repeatedly expressed its concern about the environmental impact of this move. In September this year, Japanese and South Korean officials had a heated discussion on this issue at the International Atomic Energy Agency meeting in Vienna. In the same month, then Japanese Environment Minister Yoshiaki Harada said that there was no other choice but to discharge sewage into the sea, which also caused great controversy.
(The original title of this article is "Japanese government explained to 18 embassies: the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea is" very harmless ").
() The operating comments of the Board of Directors in 2023 are as follows:
I. The industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.
(1) The industry in which the company is located
Since its establishment in 1989, the company has been taking "technology makes dreams come true, persistence makes brilliance" as its business philosophy, and based on power electronics and energy efficiency management technology, it has successfully developed and extended UPS power supply, data center, inverter, converter, charging pile, energy storage and other businesses with the development strategy of concentric circles of technology, with the same technology source and high customer overlap, and can reuse technical ability and sales ability to provide customers with satisfactory overall system solutions. After 35 years of exploration and development, the company has fully deployed high-end power supply equipment, data center products, new energy photovoltaic and energy storage products, and electric vehicle charging piles, and has industry-leading all-round solution capabilities. The integrated solutions are widely used in finance, communication, government, Internet, transportation, medical care and other fields and different scenarios. Now it has become several major product lines of high-end power equipment and data centers, photovoltaic new energy, energy storage and automobile charging piles.
The company’s industry belongs to the strategic industry encouraged by the state, and the industry policy is conducive to the sustained growth of the company’s profits as a whole.
(II) The development of the company’s industries during the reporting period.
During the reporting period, the industry in which the company is located is still in the stage of steady development, and the overall competition pattern has not changed fundamentally, but it has shown new changes in the short term:
1. Deepen the process of industrial digitalization, and the demand for high-end power equipment is growing steadily.
At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has provided important strategic opportunities for the high-quality development of all countries. The development of digital economy is also an important means and way of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. The layout of digital economy has been continuously improved and the development momentum is strong, which has accelerated the construction of new information infrastructure. UPS is an important part of information infrastructure construction and an indispensable part of all kinds of electronic equipment. It is widely used in mining, aerospace, finance, education, industry, communication, national defense, hospitals, computer business terminals, network servers, network equipment, data storage equipment and other fields. With the advancement of information construction, the domestic UPS market scale has steadily increased.
With the implementation of the national double-carbon strategy, the deepening of social electrification information construction and the continuous progress of the aerospace industry, the strategic significance of the power industry to the country has become increasingly prominent. According to the data of China power industry yearbook, the output value of China power industry reached 517.4 billion yuan in 2022, up 32.33% year-on-year. Power technology is applied to the generation, transmission, distribution and use of electric energy. It is a key supporting technology in the fields of new energy and smart grid, industrial automation, electrified transportation, network communication, aerospace and national defense. It plays an indispensable role in transforming traditional industries and developing high technology, and is an important means to accelerate the low-carbon transformation of energy system. In March, 2023, the National Energy Administration issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Energy Digitalization and Intelligentization", aiming at the needs of digital and intelligent transformation and development in electric power and other industries, through the integration and application of digital and intelligent technologies, urgent use is the first, easy is the first, and difficult is the second. The shortcomings of transformation and development are filled by industries, links and stages, providing effective support for the high-quality development of energy; Give play to the extension of smart grid to expand the potential of energy network, promote the formation of energy intelligent regulation system, and improve the level of accurate and efficient allocation of resources. Under the guidance of peak carbon dioxide emissions and the goal of carbon neutrality, China’s energy industry is accelerating the process of green and low-carbon transformation. The construction of digital power grid has improved the consumption level of new energy and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. Automation, digitalization and intelligence of power grid are the key development directions.
According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of November 2023, there were 771 million 5G mobile phone users, accounting for 44.7% of mobile phone users, and the total number of 5G base stations reached 3.282 million; With the construction of 5G network, the Internet of Things with low power consumption, high speed and wide coverage will gradually develop and mature. In this process, traditional terminals will gradually be iteratively upgraded to intelligent terminals. As typical features of 5G, edge computing and network slicing will sink information and data into intelligent terminals for storage and calculation, and then the derived edge data center computer room and base station side will become the link of its network side. The construction of high-power and high-density data centers and base stations in the 5G era has brought new profit growth space for the company’s high-voltage DC power supply. Faced with the massive demand brought by many application scenarios in the 5G era, the company has continuously developed a complete series of supporting power products that meet the high-quality requirements of the 5G era, meet the expansion, transformation and construction of high-density base stations, and seize the commanding heights for the company in the new data economy era.
High-performance power supply products have the requirements of high efficiency, high reliability, high power density and excellent electromagnetic compatibility, and need a team of technicians specializing in circuit structure, software, technology and reliability to jointly carry out research and development. Among them, the high-end power supply field has higher requirements on manufacturing technology and reliability design, which requires long-term and large-scale accumulation of technological experience and R&D investment. Establishing a management platform for development and testing according to international industry standards requires a higher level of intellectual property identification and management capabilities, and at the same time requires a large number of test instruments and equipment that meet international standards. In this regard, the company, as a leading enterprise in the industry, also focuses on the deep development of high-end power products market, focusing on improving independent research and development capabilities and process level, meeting customers’ requirements for high-performance products and enhancing the company’s influence and competitiveness in the industry.
2. The demand for computing power has increased, and the data center business has ushered in new opportunities.
As the world enters the "internet plus" era, technologies such as the Internet of Everything, cloud computing, AI and big data are widely infiltrated in all walks of life, and data traffic is exploding. Data center is an important infrastructure of the digital economy, and a physical entity bearing computing power based on the three major technologies of computing, storage and communication plays an important role in the digital transformation of China’s industry and the improvement of the digital level of public services. With the coming of the 5G era, data generation, processing and processing are coming.
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy points out that in 2020, the added value of the core industries of digital economy in China will account for 7.8% of the gross domestic product (GDP). During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s digital economy will turn to a new stage of deepening application, standardized development and universal sharing. The goal is that by 2025, the digital economy will move towards a comprehensive expansion period, and the added value of the core industries of digital economy will account for 10% of GDP.
In 2023, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Overall Layout Plan for the Construction of Digital China, pointing out that the construction of digital China is an important engine for promoting Chinese modernization in the digital age and a powerful support for building a new competitive advantage of the country. Accelerating the construction of digital China is of great significance and far-reaching influence on building a socialist modern country and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is clear that the construction of digital China is laid out according to the overall framework of "2522", in which the first "2" is to consolidate the "two foundations" of digital infrastructure and data resource system. With the rapid development of the global digital economy and the development of information technologies such as 5G and artificial intelligence, the demand for computing power is increasing. The landing of digital application scenarios cannot be separated from the effective support of computing power. As the core carrier of high-performance computing power, the value of industrial empowerment is gradually highlighted. Countries around the world actively guide the development of data center industry, the market demand for data centers is expanding, and the trend of green and low-carbon development is remarkable. China has continuously increased investment in computing, storage and network infrastructure, and attached great importance to the high-quality development of computing infrastructure such as data centers, intelligent computing centers, supercomputing centers and edge data centers.
According to the Research Report on the Development of Digital Economy in China (2023) issued by China ICT Institute, in 2022, the scale of China’s digital economy reached 50.2 trillion yuan, a nominal increase of 10.3% year-on-year, which has been significantly higher than the nominal growth rate of GDP in the same period for 11 consecutive years. The proportion of digital economy in GDP is equivalent to that of the secondary industry in the national economy, reaching 41.5%. China’s data center industry is in the stage of deepening the cloud center and moving towards the intelligent center, and it is in the growth period. There is still room for value in China’s data center industry in the next 10 years. It is estimated that the compound growth rate will remain at around 20%-25% during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.
With the outbreak of the global digitalization process, the technical requirements for data center infrastructure carrying data are getting higher and higher, and the demand for high-performance computing such as AI computing and HPC computing is constantly increasing. Computing chips such as CPU and GPU are evolving in the direction of high computing power and high integration, which also leads to a significant increase in the power consumption of a single computing chip, and the power of traditional server equipment is getting higher and higher to adapt to supercomputing scenarios. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology’s "Three-year Action Plan for the Development of New Data Centers (2021-2023)" proposes that by the end of 2023, the PUE of newly-built large and above data centers will be reduced to below 1.3, and the hub nodes and cold areas will strive to be reduced to below 1.25; The first-tier cities in Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have stricter restrictions on PUE.
3. Global PV installed capacity maintains a high prosperity, and double carbon+energy security drives green transformation.
Photovoltaic industry is an industry derived from the combination of semiconductor technology and new energy demand. Vigorously developing photovoltaic industry is of great significance for adjusting energy structure, promoting energy production and consumption revolution and promoting ecological civilization construction. With the increasing challenge of global climate change and the accelerated depletion of fossil energy, the development and utilization of renewable energy has attracted the attention of the international community. According to the statistics of Net Zero Tracker, a net zero initiative organization, more than 150 countries have announced the goal of carbon neutrality, and the development of renewable energy represented by photovoltaic has become a global consensus. In addition, photovoltaic power generation has become the most competitive form of power supply in more and more countries, and it is expected that the global photovoltaic market will continue to grow at a high speed. According to the report of the International Energy Agency, in 2023, the newly installed photovoltaic capacity in global solar reached 375GW, with a year-on-year increase of 31.8%. According to statistics from the International Renewable Energy Agency and Bloomberg, from 2010 to 2022, the kilowatt-hour cost of photovoltaic power generation decreased from 2.75 yuan /KWh to 0.34 yuan /KWh, with a cumulative decrease of 87.64%, and the kilowatt-hour cost of photovoltaic power generation was lower than that of coal-fired power generation. At the end of 2023, the price of photovoltaic modules dropped by nearly 50% compared with the beginning of the year, which further greatly reduced the installed cost of photovoltaic. At present, photovoltaic power generation has obvious economy compared with traditional energy generation.
China has listed the photovoltaic industry as one of the national strategic emerging industries. Under the dual role of industrial policy guidance and market demand drive, the national photovoltaic industry has achieved rapid development. According to the data of the National Energy Administration, in 2023, China’s newly added photovoltaic installed capacity greatly exceeded expectations, reaching 216.88GW, up by 148.12% year-on-year, and the cumulative photovoltaic grid-connected installed capacity exceeded 600GW. It is estimated that the newly added photovoltaic installed capacity will exceed 200GW in 2024, and the cumulative installed capacity is expected to exceed 810GW.
On June 2, 2023, the National Energy Administration issued the Blue Book of New Power System Development, which anchored the strategic goal of "3060" according to the "two-step" strategic arrangement proposed by the CPC Central Committee in the new era, and took 2030, 2045 and 2060 as important time nodes to build a new power system, and formulated a "three-step" development path of the new power system, that is, accelerating the transition period (currently to 2060)
When Premier the State Council introduced this year’s government tasks in his government work report on March 5th, he proposed to further promote the energy revolution, control fossil energy consumption and speed up the construction of a new energy system. Strengthen the construction of large-scale wind power photovoltaic bases and delivery channels, and promote the green and low-carbon development strategy of distributed energy development and utilization. Although domestic PV installations are now facing challenges such as consumption, the policy side is still actively promoting the green and low-carbon development of new energy. In the future, driven by favorable factors such as the continuous decline of photovoltaic power generation costs and the recovery of global green economy, the newly installed photovoltaic capacity in the world will continue to grow.
4. The demand of energy storage industry is strong, and the installed capacity continues to increase.
At present, new power systems are being built to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, and energy is the main adjustment field. With the formulation and implementation of net zero emission targets in many countries around the world, many new technologies are widely used in energy power systems, and it is possible to realize two-way interaction between source, grid, load and storage, and intelligent control on demand side, which has laid the technical foundation for the development of emerging industries in power industry. With the rapid growth of photovoltaic and wind power cumulative installed capacity, the absorption pressure of power grid is increasing, and energy storage has become necessary for new energy installed capacity, which is widely used in power supply side and power grid side, and the proportion of distribution and storage is gradually increasing. On the user side, with the increase of peak-valley spread and the decrease of energy storage system cost, the income of industrial and commercial energy storage peak-valley spread arbitrage rises, the cost decreases, and the sharp increase of yield promotes its demand to rise sharply. As a key supporting technology, energy storage can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid, which is an important support for energy transformation. According to the Clean Energy Annual Market Report 2023 issued by the American Clean Energy Association (ACP), the installed capacity of clean energy in the United States increased by 33.84GW in 2023. Among them, the newly installed capacity of photovoltaic and energy storage both reached record highs, with 19.6GW and 7.9GW added respectively. In 2023, the new installed capacity of renewable energy in China was 305 million kilowatts, accounting for 82.7% of the new installed capacity of power generation in China. Driven by the growth of wind power photovoltaic installed capacity and the fall of lithium carbonate price to improve energy storage economy, the demand for energy storage continued to increase. In 2023, the newly installed capacity of new energy storage in China is about 22.6GW.The average energy storage time is about 2.1 hours. By the end of 2023, the cumulative installed capacity of new energy storage projects has reached 31.39 million kilowatts/66.87 million kWh, with an average energy storage time of 2.1 hours. With the further implementation of policies, unexpected cost reduction and continuous improvement of technology, new energy storage will better meet the power storage needs of power generation side, power grid side and user side.
The National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Modern Energy System". By 2025, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will increase to about 20%, the proportion of non-fossil energy generation will reach about 39%, and the proportion of electric energy in terminal energy consumption will reach about 30%. On January 27th, 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Bureau of Statistics and the Energy Bureau jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening the Connection between Green Power Certificates and Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Policies to Promote Non-fossil Energy Consumption, strengthening the effective connection between green certificate transactions and policies such as dual control of energy consumption and carbon emission management, stimulating the demand potential of green certificates, consolidating the trading foundation of green certificates, expanding the application scenarios of green certificates, and strengthening mutual recognition of green certificates at home and abroad. On February 27th, 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Capacity Building of Power Grid for Peak Regulation, Energy Storage and Intelligent Dispatching, pointing out that the capacity building of peak regulation, energy storage and intelligent dispatching of power grid is the main measure to improve the regulation capacity of power system, the key support to promote the large-scale and high-proportion development of new energy, and the important content to build a new power system. On March 1, 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau issued the Guiding Opinions on the High-quality Development of Distribution Network under the New Situation, and set a clear goal that "the distribution network will have about 500 million kilowatts of distributed new energy access capacity in 2025". The broad prospect of the future energy storage market has brought great development opportunities to the company. As an important application of the company’s energy Internet industry technology, energy storage has core energy storage equipment such as photovoltaic, hybrid optical storage, inverter and converter.In particular, it has perfect energy storage system solutions and mature energy storage system integration capabilities. The company will continue to track the field of energy storage, increase investment in research and development, and maintain its good development trend.
5. The new energy charging pile business ushered in a historic development opportunity.
In recent years, China’s new energy vehicles have developed at a high speed, and core technologies such as motors and batteries have continuously made breakthroughs, forming a new energy vehicle industrial system covering the entire upstream and downstream chain, laying the foundation for comprehensive marketization. According to the statistical analysis of China Automobile Industry Association, under the dual effects of policy and market, in 2023, China’s new energy vehicles continued to grow rapidly, and the production and sales of new energy vehicles were 9.587 million and 9.495 million respectively, up by 35.8% and 37.9% respectively. According to the data of the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of December 2023, the number of new energy vehicles in China reached 20.41 million, accounting for 6.07% of the total number of vehicles; In 2023, China registered 7.43 million new energy vehicles, accounting for 30.25% of the newly registered vehicles, an increase of 2.07 million vehicles compared with 2022, with an increase of 38.76%, from 1.2 million vehicles in 2019 to 7.43 million vehicles in 2023, showing a rapid growth trend. The rapid increase in the number of new energy vehicles has given birth to the demand for charging, and the construction of charging infrastructure has entered the fast lane of development. The rapid development of production and sales of new energy vehicles has forced the demand for charging piles, and the construction of charging infrastructure has entered a stage of rapid development.
According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, by the end of 2023, China’s charging infrastructure had reached 8.596 million units, a year-on-year increase of 65%. In 2023, China’s charging infrastructure increased by 3.386 million units, a year-on-year increase of 30.6%; The domestic sales volume of new energy vehicles is 8.292 million, up 33.5% year-on-year. China has built the charging infrastructure system with the largest number, the largest radiation area and the most complete service vehicles in the world.
Charging capacity and growth rate of public charging facilities in 2018-2023; quantity of charging piles and quantity of new energy vehicles in 2016-2023.
In 2023, China’s new energy vehicle charging piles were frequently supported. In January 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other eight departments issued the Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Fully Electrified Vehicles in Public Areas, proposing to start the pilot work of fully electrified vehicles in seven key areas, including official vehicles, urban public transport, rental, sanitation, postal express delivery, logistics and distribution, and airports.
In May 2023, the National Development and Reform Commission issued "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support New Energy Vehicles to Go to the Countryside and Revitalize the Rural Areas", which encouraged the research on key technologies such as the two-way interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid (V2G) and the coordinated control of light storage and charging, and explored the construction of charging infrastructure providing photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and charging integration in rural areas with low utilization rate of charging piles.
On June 8, 2023, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-quality Charging Infrastructure System", proposing that by 2030, a high-quality charging infrastructure system with wide coverage, moderate scale, reasonable structure and perfect functions will be basically built, which will strongly support the development of the new energy automobile industry and effectively meet the people’s travel and charging needs; We will build a charging network with urban surface layout, highway linear layout and rural point layout. The proportion of parking spaces with standardized charging conditions in commercial parking lots in large and medium-sized cities will strive to exceed the proportion of registered electric vehicles in cities, and the coverage rate of charging services in rural areas will increase steadily.
On July 14th, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Bureau and the Rural Revitalization Bureau jointly issued "Guiding Opinions on Implementing Rural Power Grid Consolidation and Upgrading Project", clearly requiring that the construction of rural charging network and the development of transmission and distribution network should be considered as a whole, the rural power grid planning and charging infrastructure planning should be well connected, the construction, transformation and operation and maintenance of charging infrastructure supporting power grid should be strengthened, the capacity-to-load ratio level of county-level high-voltage transmission network should be planned according to local conditions, moderately advanced, scientifically and reasonably, the power supply margin of medium-voltage distribution network should be appropriately improved, and the power grid support and guarantee capacity should be enhanced. In the eastern region, we will cooperate with the establishment of demonstration counties and demonstration towns for charging infrastructure, build a high-quality charging infrastructure system, and serve new energy vehicles to the countryside.
On July 21, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments issued a notice on "Several Measures to Promote Automobile Consumption", clearly stating that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of supporting facilities for new energy vehicles. Implement policies and measures such as building a high-quality charging infrastructure system and supporting new energy vehicles to the countryside. Accelerate the construction of charging infrastructure in townships, counties, highways and residential areas, guide users to participate in intelligent and orderly charging and vehicle-network interaction, and encourage the pilot demonstration of interactive application of new energy vehicles and power grids.
On September 1st, seven departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, issued the Work Plan for Steady Growth of the Automobile Industry (2023-2024), mentioning the improvement of infrastructure construction and operation. Implement the "Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-quality Charging Infrastructure System" and optimize the supporting environment. Encourage all localities to scientifically predict the charging demand of new energy vehicles, do a good job in the layout planning of public charging networks in cities and surrounding counties, and promote the layout construction of charging facilities and the expansion and transformation of supporting power grids in an orderly manner. Encourage the popularization and application of new technologies such as high-power charging, intelligent and orderly charging, and "optical storage, charging and discharging" integrated station to improve the charging service support capability. Guide local subsidies and support for guaranteed charging infrastructure such as highways and towns, and increase industry support.
In November 2023, eight departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Transport, issued the Notice on Launching the First Pilot Area of Fully Electrified Vehicles in the Public Sector, and it is planned to identify 15 cities as pilot cities to promote the use of new energy vehicles in the public sector. The number is expected to exceed 600,000; More than 700,000 charging piles and 7,800 power stations will be built in the pilot cities in terms of charging and replacing power infrastructure.
II. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period
The company shall comply with the disclosure requirements of "photovoltaic industry chain related business" in the Guidelines for Self-regulatory Supervision of Listed Companies of Shenzhen Stock Exchange No.4-GEM Industry Information Disclosure:
(a) the company’s main business and products
The company has been focusing on power electronic conversion technology for a long time, focusing on power electronic technology and energy efficiency management, and continuously deepening the two fields of industrial digitalization and "new energy+energy storage", mainly engaged in smart power supply (UPS/EPS, power supply, communication power supply, high-voltage DC power supply, special power supply, battery system, power gateway and cloud management platform, etc.). Data center (modular data center, container mobile data center, industry customized data center, intelligent power distribution, dynamic ring monitoring system, precision air conditioning, etc.) and new energy (energy storage system, PCS, EMS, BMS, sodium/lithium battery cells and PACK, photovoltaic inverter, wind converter, charging pile, power exchange cabinet, air energy heat pump, energy gateway and cloud management platform, etc.).
Based on the R&D and intelligent manufacturing capabilities of core products, the company strives for market development and business model innovation. Help users to provide hybrid power supply solutions, intelligent micro-module data center solutions, high-voltage DC remote supply solutions, intelligent computer room comprehensive solutions, edge computing solutions, smart photovoltaic solutions, smart wind power solutions, energy storage system solutions, optical storage and charging (replacement) integrated solutions, multi-energy complementary integrated solutions, source-network-load-storage integrated solutions, distributed photovoltaic county-wide propulsion solutions, electric vehicle charging solutions, and electric two-wheeled electric vehicle replacement solutions.
After thirty-five years’ development, it has become one of the top 500 new energy enterprises and the top 100 competitive enterprises in the world, the first batch of key high-tech enterprises in the national torch plan, national technological innovation demonstration enterprises and national intellectual property demonstration enterprises.
(2) The company’s business model
1. R&D mode
Through continuous investment in R&D for many years, and constantly increasing the proportion of R&D in revenue, the company adheres to the R&D concept of "market-oriented, customer-oriented, technological innovation and Excellence", and builds a R&D model of "independent R&D as the mainstay+joint development as the supplement", with the product development strategy of mass production, development, pre-research and exploration. At the same time, Enterprise Post-Doctoral Research Center and Academician Expert Workstation continuously strengthen cooperation and exchanges with domestic universities and research institutes, and rely on the research strength and innovative resources in the fields of power electronics and new energy where the research institutes are located to carry out innovative research and development of new materials and technologies and transformation of achievements.
2. Purchasing mode
The raw materials required for the company’s production are mainly purchased directly from the manufacturers by the purchasing department, and some power electronic devices are purchased from the agents of foreign manufacturers in China. The company has formulated the Procurement Management Procedure and the Supplier Management Procedure, established a perfect and strict procurement management system, comprehensively evaluated suppliers according to core indicators such as product quality and timely delivery ability, and conducted public bidding to qualified suppliers in the specific procurement process, so as to ensure that the materials needed by the company can be purchased in a timely and appropriate amount, with reasonable prices and quality meeting production requirements.
In the settlement mode of procurement, in order to improve the bargaining power of procurement and save the procurement cost, the purchasing department of the company signed a procurement agreement with suppliers at the beginning of the year. In addition, the company signed strategic agreements with some large enterprises to purchase at preferential prices and ensure priority supply. The company’s suppliers are relatively stable, and the purchase is mainly settled by remittance and bank acceptance bills. In terms of transportation, the supplier generally bears the transportation and freight, and the goods are transported to the designated place of the company. In terms of inspection, the company shall implement the Management Procedure for Incoming Material Inspection, the external supplier shall deliver the goods according to the delivery date confirmed by both parties, and the warehouse personnel shall count the quantity and receive it before warehousing.
3. Production mode
The company implements the production mode of standard products stocking and non-standard products "fixing production by sales and tailoring". Due to the wide application fields of high-end power supply, users in different use environments and industries have different requirements for equipment configuration. Product specifications and technical parameters need to be designed according to the actual needs of users. After obtaining the order, technology research and development and product design are carried out according to the specific needs of customers. The main components are manufactured and processed by specialized production lines and workshops, and then the assembly, processing, testing and aging of the whole product are completed in the assembly workshop.
For standard products, the company guarantees that the warehouse has a certain amount of inventory. Generally, according to the recent sales and shipments, the company determines the maximum inventory as one-month shipments; The minimum inventory is guaranteed for half a month’s delivery.
In addition, the company’s photovoltaic and other new energy power stations and energy storage-related businesses are mainly development, construction, operation and transfer, and the business models adopted are EPC and BT. Entrusted by the owner, the company undertakes the whole process or several stages of contracting for the preliminary survey, design, equipment procurement, construction and grid connection of the project according to the contract, and carries out procurement, construction and settlement according to the construction progress of the project, or transfers the projects it has built and held to a third party to obtain benefits.
4. Sales model
The company’s products are widely used downstream, with users in many industries and wide geographical distribution, and at the same time, the requirements for product personalization are high. In order to meet customers’ purchasing requirements, at present, the company’s products are sold in the domestic market by combining direct selling and distribution, while in foreign markets, they are mainly sold by distribution. The company has more than 260 customer service centers around the world, providing perfect pre-sales technical support and after-sales service.
On the one hand, the company’s photovoltaic power station, data center and charging pile business realize the sales of core products and equipment through independent promotion; on the other hand, it integrates and coordinates the company’s projects in distributed photovoltaic power stations, charging piles and comprehensive energy services through the development, investment, construction, operation and trading of new energy investment, EPC, equipment introduction and intelligent operation and maintenance of new energy power stations. Actively cooperate with partners to develop business through complementary advantages and capture business opportunities in the fields of new technology research and development and new product manufacturing in the new energy field.
During the reporting period, the company’s main business model has not changed significantly.
(3) Key technical indicators
According to the general knowledge of the industry, the key technical index of inverter products is conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency refers to the ratio of the energy output by the inverter to the AC power grid and the input energy of the inverter (usually energy generated by photovoltaic effect of solar panels), and the inverter conversion efficiency = inverter output power/inverter input power *100%. The related technical indexes of inverter products of the company are introduced as follows:
1. Key technical indicators and technical advantages of the company’s photovoltaic inverter.
(1) The company’s distributed tandem photovoltaic inverter has multi-channel MPPT, high efficiency, small size, light weight and high-precision intelligent tandem detection technology, which comprehensively improves the power generation. The internal layout of the whole machine is reasonable and distinct, integrated with die casting, beautiful and elegant, optimized circuit structure, reduced device usage, safe and reliable. Strong heat dissipation capacity, no derating at 45 degrees; Integrated PID repair function; Built-in AC and DC lightning protection module, all-round lightning protection. Terminal temperature detection; Integrate AFCI DC arc protection function; Intelligent DC disconnect switch. Strong environmental adaptability, support for high capacity ratio, matching components of various specifications, support for 182/210/ double-sided components, and support for aluminum wire access. The company’s distributed series photovoltaic inverter products are used in household and industry and commerce, and the product certification is complete, mainly in the export-oriented market, taking into account the domestic market and meeting the needs of the mainstream sales market; In the aspect of operation and maintenance, the operation of the power station can be known at any time through the monitoring means of the remote intelligent monitoring platform system of the power station, so as to ensure the customer’s income and reduce the maintenance cost.
(2) The company’s station-level high-power 1500V series photovoltaic inverter adopts three-level technology, with the highest efficiency of 99.01%, wide MPPT voltage, longer all-day power generation time, high efficiency+wide full load MPPT voltage range, and comprehensive improvement of power generation; PID protection+repair, all-weather protection of component health, increase power generation income. IP66 protection grade and C5 anti-corrosion grade, suitable for various harsh environments; The series DC fault is automatically disconnected, which is safe and reliable. Brand-new weak network control strategy, from adapting to power grid to supporting power grid; I-V curve detection and scanning, accurate and intelligent management; Current harmonic compensation, grid-connected current harmonic < 2%. Ultra-high capacity ratio design, better LCOE;; Fast reactive response, replacing SVG;; Support PLC communication, reduce cable and construction cost. The semiconductor device adopts imported first-line brands, which ensures excellent performance and can achieve a longer design life. The control adopts multi-MCU control core redundancy design to ensure the reliability of the machine. The company’s cascade photovoltaic inverter products are applied to large-scale ground power stations and complex hill power stations, and the product certification is complete.
(3) The company’s 1500V centralized inverter adopts I-type three-level technology, with the highest efficiency of 99%, which improves the power generation; Modular design concept, supporting redundant sleep function, single module running under light load, whole machine running under heavy load, independent operation between modules, improving power generation efficiency and effectively prolonging life cycle; Dual-core DSP digital control, faster operation speed, higher precision, safer and more reliable system operation; Reactive power can be adjusted, and the power factor can be adjusted from 0.8 ahead to 0.8 behind. The system has damping, comprehensive suppression of oscillation, and stronger adaptability of power grid; With power harmonic filtering function, improve the quality of output power; Intelligent terminal, integrated with SVG function, fully responds to power grid dispatching and reduces initial investment. The company provides 1500V centralized end-to-end solutions, from the junction box, inverter, container, to the integration of box transformer (container and step-up transformer), reducing system cost and improving power generation efficiency have become the mainstream of photovoltaic industry development, so it is easy to think positively and promote the technological progress of the industry. Box-to-box integrated products, reducing on-site construction and civil construction time, saving construction costs; The transformer is connected with double windings, which reduces the cost of the transformer; Compared with the traditional 1000V system, EA1250KHV increases the DC input voltage to 1500V, reduces the DC side current, and reduces the investment cost of DC cable and junction box. The output voltage of the AC side is improved, the current and power loss can be reduced, the overall efficiency of the system is improved, the power generation is improved, and the system investment cost is reduced.The larger the investment scale of power station, the more obvious the advantages will be, and the customer return rate will be increased.
2. The unit production cost of the company’s photovoltaic inverter products
The photovoltaic inverter products produced by the company are complete in categories, with different sizes of power and slightly different production costs. At present, the company’s unit production cost range is 0.08 yuan /W-0.5 yuan /W.
Third, the core competitiveness analysis
1. Continue to invest in R&D to promote the high-level development of R&D strength.
As a key high-tech enterprise in the National Torch Program and a national technological innovation demonstration enterprise, the company insists on independent research and development, deeply cultivates the field of power electronic energy conversion and control, has a national enterprise technology center, and has set up expert enterprise workstations of academicians from Post-Doctoral Research Center and Guangdong provinces. A number of heavyweight scientific research platforms, such as Industry-University-Research Joint Demonstration Base of Guangdong Education Department (R&D Center of Distributed Power Generation Electrical Engineering Technology) and Guangdong Modern Power Electronic Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, have been successively established. The company has successfully promoted the implementation of the intellectual property management system and the integration of industrialization and informatization management system, which has provided a solid foundation for the company’s scientific research to lead the market and technology as the company’s first productive force. The company has accumulated sufficient kinetic energy for the subsequent development with strong R&D strength, and its R&D planning is forward-looking, forming a four-generation integrated system of "mass production generation, development generation, pre-research generation and exploration generation" to ensure that the company’s product technology is always at the forefront of the industry.
Adhering to the concept of building a first-class team in power electronics technology research and development, the company has set up technology research and development centers in Songshan Lake, Xi ‘an, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Nanjing, with strong professional background. With huge R&D investment and strong scientific research strength, by the end of the reporting period, the company had accumulated more than 1,000 patents and software copyrights, and organized and implemented the patent layout of the European Union, the United States, Germany and other countries along the Belt and Road overseas. The company has successively won many honors such as "National Intellectual Property Demonstration Enterprise", "China Patent Excellence Award" and "Guangdong Top 100 Enterprise Patent Innovation Enterprise", which consolidated the company’s technological leading position in the field of power electronics. During the reporting period, the company and its subsidiaries obtained 12 new authorized patents, including two invention patents, five utility model patents and five design patents. All the above new authorized patents were originally obtained by the company, which fully reflected the innovation ability and core competitiveness.
During the reporting period, the company invested 240,987,100 yuan in R&D, accounting for 5.03% of the current operating income, and the R&D investment increased by 15.07% year-on-year.
2. Intelligent manufacturing promotes quality improvement and helps industrial development.
The company has accumulated more than 30 years of professional production experience in the power electronics and energy efficiency management industry, has a leading production line in China, has a high degree of automation, has a strong competitive advantage in production technology, product quality, cost control and after-sales service, and has won a good reputation from users. The company’s advantages such as production technology and quality management are highly recognized in the industry, and it has obtained the qualification certifications such as CE, CQC and TV certification, passed the IS09001:2015 quality system and ISO14001:2015 environmental system certification, and the product quality has been widely recognized by customers with perfect supply chain management and raw material procurement system, as well as innovative process standards. The company continues to promote intelligent manufacturing, accelerate the transformation of manufacturing to automation and data, improve product quality and production efficiency, reduce production costs and inventory through lean production and intelligent manufacturing, and then achieve the goal of high-quality development of enterprises.
The core modules of the company’s series of products are independently developed and manufactured, and they have considerable technical accumulation and extensive market layout in the business of industrial digitalization, new energy+energy storage. The complete product line covers the diverse product needs of users, and can provide energy optimization solutions and corresponding product support according to different application scenarios of users. The company has strict requirements on the reliability, energy efficiency and stability of products to ensure the long-term operation stability of products. With high-quality product quality, positive service response and rich industry application experience, it has established a good market reputation, and its product application diversity and technical stability also have leading advantages in the industry. At the same time, the company carries out R&D layout in advance to cope with the upgrading of product technology to ensure the high standard and stability of product quality. At the same time, the company has advanced automated production lines and modern production equipment, and the high reliability and performance advantages of products brought by modern technological processes. Focusing on power electronic conversion technology, the company has opened up manufacturing links, vigorously accelerated the development of new energy, energy storage, charging piles and other businesses, created market demand-oriented products, provided customers with photovoltaic EPC project, "photovoltaic+energy storage" system solutions, integrated optical storage and charging solutions, and integrated source network storage and load solutions. The products cover energy supply to electricity load, and established a product service system from power supply end to demand end, realizing mutual promotion and coordinated development of the industrial chain. During the reporting period, the company was recognized by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology as "Guangdong Provincial Manufacturing Individual Champion in 2023".Give high praise to the company’s production capacity.
3. Industry-wide marketing system to solve customer needs.
The company concentrates its resources on R&D and production in power quality control and conversion related fields. Over the years, in the process of serving different markets, different scenarios and different customers for a long time, we have built excellent product delivery and customer service capabilities. With the continuous improvement of the upstream and downstream concentration of the industry, the diversified needs of customers make the integrated sales of the company’s products show more comprehensive advantages. With a perfect marketing service system and a high-quality sales service team, the company operates in the mode of "business division+support platform". According to the characteristics of the industry in which each business division is located and the characteristics of each business division, the company formulates corresponding strategic objectives and dynamically guides and corrects the business direction and focus. The business divisions are responsible for market development, product research and development and related comprehensive operations of their respective sectors. Flexible allocation of corresponding after-sales service teams for major business departments (smart power supply, IDC data center, photovoltaic power generation system, new energy vehicle charging pile, rail transit), with Dongguan Songshan Lake headquarters as the center, more than 260 customer centers and marketing service outlets have been set up around the world to ensure timely response to customer needs. Professional marketing team, strict technical training, adequate maintenance parts, intensive service outlets and systematic management measures are effective guarantees for the company to improve product sales, brand value, customer satisfaction and loyalty.
4. Long-term cooperation to establish a close customer relationship.
The company has always provided customers with overall solutions and high-quality services, designed and customized according to the technical needs of different customers, and met the technical needs of differentiated products of different customers to the greatest extent. With excellent product quality, systematic solutions, good after-sales service and corporate image, the company has continuously developed and accumulated key customer resources in the fields of finance, communication and electric power. The company is a national shortlisted or centralized purchasing supplier for key customers such as the government, Agricultural Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, (), (), China Unicom, China Tower, China Radio and Television, China Petroleum, China Petrochemical, State Grid and China Southern Power Grid. By establishing and maintaining good cooperative relations with key customers, it will help to expand the popularity of the company’s products. Numerous excellent customer resources ensure that the company has continuous orders, enhance the brand influence of the company, and help the company improve product quality and continuous innovation ability. In addition, the company’s mature product standards and technology development system have accumulated rich industry experience in business practice and expansion. The company focuses on introducing and cultivating high-end technical talents. The management understands the characteristics and trends of the industry development, can grasp the market development trends in a timely and accurate manner, increase the investment in technology research and development in a targeted manner, and provide customized products and service solutions to customers quickly, so that the company’s technical strength and standardization level are continuously improved, and its position in the industry is continuously improved in terms of service quality, corporate culture and technical strength. So that the company has a strong ability to expand the industry,It will help the company to reach multi-level long-term cooperation with customers in different fields, further enhance its core competitiveness and achieve high-quality and sustainable development.
5. The company strives to practice the vision of sustainable development.
As an outstanding listed company of digital energy products and solutions, EasyT Group keeps up with the global development trend, actively responds to the strategic national policy and market demand, adheres to the core values of "national honor, integrity and innovation", takes ESG concept as the company’s sustainable development guide, keeps up with market demand, actively practices its social responsibility, continuously increases investment in R&D and innovation, fully exploits the market, and promotes the application of new energy such as photovoltaic, wind energy, lithium-ion energy storage, charging and replacing electricity, with "new energy+energy storage". At the same time, it has also accelerated the digital transformation and upgrading of industries, from managers to service providers, and strived to achieve convergence and progress in corporate and environmental social governance performance, creating more development opportunities and a better life. During the reporting period, the company won the 2023 Green Sustainable Development Contribution Award, the 2023ESG Practice Model Award and the 2023 ESG Outstanding Corporate Governance Award for its outstanding achievements in environment, society and governance and breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation.
The company actively responded to the relevant plans formulated by China’s industrial green development, standardized and standardized management in strict accordance with GB/T24001-2016/ISO 14001:2015 "Environmental Management System Certification", resolutely implemented national environmental protection policies and regulations, strictly implemented national, local and industry standards, continuously increased investment in energy conservation and emission reduction, and actively eliminated backward production equipment. On the basis of ensuring the discharge of waste water, waste gas, noise and solid waste up to the standard, we will promote lean management, continuously improve the process, improve the efficiency of three wastes treatment and energy utilization, implement green manufacturing, and strive to create a green factory.
During the reporting period, the company made great achievements and breakthroughs in business management, which was recognized and praised by the government and institutions and won several honorary awards, including:
Fourth, the main business analysis
1. Overview
In 2023, the global economic recovery momentum is insufficient, the regional security situation is complex and changeable, and the energy system continues to undergo profound changes. As an important enterprise in the field of energy equipment, the Company overcame various adverse effects, anchored the goal of "double carbon", actively seized development opportunities, focused on innovation, improved quality and efficiency, promoted transformation, achieved new results in high-quality development, and continued to maintain good growth in business performance.
2023 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is also a crucial year to carry out the 14th Five-Year Plan. The company’s management closely focuses on the established business objectives, closely follows the global trend of digital industry and carbon emission reduction, actively responds to the strategic national policy, seizes the opportunity of the times, comprehensively completes the production, operation, reform and development of enterprises, and makes every effort to implement key tasks such as technological innovation, market development, efficiency improvement, emerging industry development, talent construction, and risk prevention and control, so as to continuously enhance its core competitiveness. With the joint efforts of all employees, the company has a stable operating condition and a good development momentum.
During the reporting period, the operating income was 4,792,586,700 yuan, an increase of 1.07% over the previous year; Realized an operating profit of 586.194 million yuan, an increase of 23.22% over the same period of last year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 562,871,000 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 52.81%. The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 438,589,300 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 44.15%; The net cash flow from operating activities decreased by 15.89% year-on-year. The proportion of R&D investment in the company continued to increase, and the gross profit margin of products continued to remain stable. During the reporting period, the operation of each business segment of the Company is as follows:
(1) Focus on core businesses such as new energy and energy storage to promote high-quality business development.
1. The process of industrial digitalization is accelerated, which will help China’s digital construction.
With the full implementation of domestic electronic information policy support, during the reporting period, the rapid development of industrial digitalization and digital economy promoted the business expansion of the company’s high-end power equipment and data center; During the reporting period, the company seized the market development opportunities such as 5G, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, focused on the market opportunities of communication and IDC construction, gave full play to the advantages of the company’s modular and high-voltage DC products in product technology, industry experience, engineering installation and after-sales service, continuously improved the market competitiveness of products, intensively cultivated and innovated, and made use of the existing R&D advantages to give play to their competitive advantages and achieve stable development. During the reporting period, the company continuously and stably served the power supply and data center business of China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, and implemented the work of centralized procurement and distribution share. Expand the company’s business scope with the marketing strategy of "basic product industry segmentation and solution group operation", and provide differentiated power supply solutions for diverse application scenarios with different requirements and scales. The products cover a wide range of scenarios, meet the diverse power supply needs of different customers, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of data.
The company’s products are based on the four core concepts of "high reliability, green energy saving, intelligent management and easy maintenance", thus ensuring the reliability, consistency and universality of the products. The company continued to increase investment in R&D. In the field of hybrid power supply products, it successively developed intelligent lithium battery system (48V/100AH), low-temperature lithium battery system (-40℃-55℃), and integrated pole and station power supply series products to meet the application requirements in various scenarios. The fourth generation high-frequency 1KVA-3KVA high-efficiency UPS system with high energy efficiency and full digitalization is developed. The 10KVA-120KVA industrial power frequency UPS system with high performance and ultra-high reliability developed for petrochemical, rail transit and electric power and the fourth generation 3KVA-10KVA power dedicated UPS module have been fully put into production and delivered to customers. The energy-saving and efficient Dongfeng ENPOWER high-voltage DC power supply system introduced by the company puts the DC power supply of the data center in one step, realizing a new breakthrough and leap in the power supply and power saving technology of the data center. At the same time, with the strength of "wisdom", the Easy Modular Data Center has successfully won the trust of many judicial, government, university, financial, medical and other institutions, and the company has been continuously digging deep into the needs of industry customers for a long time. During the reporting period, subway projects serving Qingdao, Shenzhen, Chengdu and other places provided communication integrated UPS system, centralized procurement of EPS power supply of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Co., Ltd.,The company’s UPS series power supply and data center serves the 31st Universiade, providing it with stable power supply; Also participated in the construction and upgrading projects of many domestic commercial banks’ basic outlets and data centers.
2023 is a year in which the demand for computing power is fully manifested. The demand for high computing power brings the demand for high power, intelligence and greening of data centers. The strategy of East Digital and West Computing puts forward clear requirements for PUE, with the western region requiring less than 1.2 and the eastern region requiring less than 1.25. This policy also requires the industry to promote the technological innovation and development of data centers. During the reporting period, The company launched the new flagship of MC6000 Data Center 5.0 to promote the digital development of the industry, which integrates data center service cabinet, precision air conditioning, power distribution, UPS power supply, fire protection and security, integrated wiring, power environmental control, computer room lighting and other systems, which can greatly shorten the delivery cycle, provide efficient and intelligent experience, and achieve good economic and social benefits, and is widely praised. In 2023, the Qingyang data center cluster project of Gansu hub node of the national integrated computing network started, and the company’s "east-to-west computing" digital energy project started. This project is a major traction project of Qingyang data center cluster of Gansu hub node of the national integrated computing network, mainly producing combined batteries, complete sets of data center products, energy storage PCS, energy storage systems, etc. It is planned to build high-end power supply, refrigeration equipment, data center micro-modules, new energy storage, charging piles, and integration of light storage and charging.
Company MC6000 data center product display
In 2023, the revenue of high-end power supply and data center products was 2,538,481,200 yuan, a decrease of 21.61% compared with the same period of last year.
2, wind, light, storage linkage development, integrated development to promote industrial closed loop.
With the deepening of global carbon emission reduction trend, the strategic significance of "new energy+energy storage" model is increasingly prominent. Based on the deep cultivation of new energy industry for many years, with the support of state-owned assets empowerment and the opportunity of industrial development, the company continues to focus on the complementary advantages of wind power, photovoltaic and energy storage sectors, focusing on product research and development, project development, solutions and EPC projects, controlling risks and maintaining steady and healthy development. In 2023, the income from new energy power generation equipment and development business was 907,256,700 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 58.79%.
The company group actively responded to the policy and market demand, vigorously accelerated the pace of research and development, and officially launched EAHI-3000~6000-SL series energy storage inverters and integrated solutions. The series products of 1500V centralized energy storage converter independently developed by the company have passed CQC certification, further verifying the leading edge of products in terms of quality and performance. During the reporting period, the company officially released a full range of household energy storage inverters and integrated solutions such as 1500V series energy storage converters. The 1500V series energy storage system (container type) relies on the latest research and development achievements and application experience, adopts fully modular design, centralized intelligent control and decentralized refined management, and perfectly integrates core equipment and digital technology to realize the core values of "three highs", "three zeros" and "three friendliness" in the whole life cycle of the system. It will play a key role in reducing power abandonment, peak load shedding, power grid frequency modulation and smooth output, effectively accelerate regional green and low-carbon transformation, and cultivate new growth poles for high-quality development. During the reporting period, the 100,000 kW photovoltaic power generation and storage project in Yuli County of Bazhou Energy was completed, with a total energy storage capacity of 10 MW/20 MW. The company’s 1500V series energy storage system (container type) was adopted, which was divided into four 2.5MW/5MWh energy storage units, and the grid-connected voltage level was 35kV. After the completion of the project, it is estimated that the total power generation in 25 years will be 5068246.83MWh, the annual average power generation will be 202729.87MWh, and the annual equivalent full-load utilization hours will be 1448.13h;A variety of harmful gases and waste gas emissions can be reduced every year, including carbon dioxide emissions of about 135739.73t, sulfur dioxide emissions of about 32t, nitrogen oxides of about 36t and soot of about 6t, which has good economic and social benefits. Other major energy storage projects completed during the reporting period include the 40MW/80MWh supporting energy storage system for the 100MW photovoltaic project in Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia of the State Power Investment Corporation, the 10MW/20MWh supporting energy storage system for the 100kw wind power generation project in forty wells of Xinneng Mulei, the 15MW/60MWh supporting energy storage system for the 100kw photovoltaic power generation project in Dongle north beach, Shandan County, and the 15MW/60MWh supporting energy storage system for the 100kw wind power generation project in north beach-phase of Linze Banqiao.
During the reporting period, driven by the dual-carbon goal, the company focused on the mode of "key customer development+channel expansion", focusing on the development of new energy projects, EPC projects, sales of key equipment such as energy storage and inverters, adhering to the strategy of combining wind, light and storage core businesses, and promoting the integrated project of source, grid, load and storage based on the concept of high-quality coordinated development. Overall layout of wind power and photovoltaic development projects in Guangdong, Guangxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places, promotion of distributed photovoltaic in the whole county, continuous optimization of key regional development systems, strengthening project reserves and resource conversion, and maintaining a steady development pace. The company also cooperated with high-quality customers such as National Energy, Three Gorges New Energy, Datang, Guodian Investment, Guodian, China Southern Power Grid and State Grid New Energy to obtain the construction index of 350MW photovoltaic projects in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Construction of 50MW-1003MWh shared energy storage power station project in Sanmenxia Lakeside Area, 500,000 kW scenery co-site project in Mulei County of Changji Guotou, 37MW distributed photovoltaic project in Shiyan, Hubei Province, 3 MW industrial and commercial energy storage project in Yiquan Science and Technology Park, 100,000 kW wind power project in Zhangye Linze, and distributed photovoltaic power generation project in Luoding Grain Depot of Guangdong Province. During the reporting period, the company was included in the third batch of smart photovoltaic pilot demonstration list by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The International Energy Network and Guoneng Energy Research Institute rated the company as the top ten brands of energy storage PCS in 2023, and the company’s strength in photovoltaic and energy storage fields was once again affirmed.
In 2023, the company’s new energy/mixed energy business developed in an orderly and stable way, constantly enriching BMS and EMS series product lines. In view of the increasing energy density of energy storage systems and the temperature control problems caused by it, the liquid-cooled energy storage system introduced by the company has a natural heat exchange efficiency advantage, realizing the iterative upgrade of electrochemical energy storage safety technology, and the company’s 5MWh container liquid-cooled energy storage system was officially rolled off the assembly line in batches. The product is highly integrated, with a single box of 5MWh, supporting parallel splicing layout, and reducing the floor space by 20%. During the reporting period, the company participated in the construction of the independent battery energy storage station on the power grid side of Baotang of China Southern Power Grid, the largest new energy storage power station in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The company provided the 25MW/50MWh submerged liquid-cooled energy storage system for the independent battery energy storage project on the power grid side of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong Province. The battery system adopted the full-submerged mobile liquid-cooled safety scheme. By solving the problems such as the average temperature of lithium battery, fire protection and battery life, the potential safety risks caused by air cooling or plate-changing liquid cooling in the current industry were avoided, and the safety problems of lithium battery energy storage explosion and combustion were solved.
The distributed energy pattern formed by natural gas, light energy and wind energy is gradually taking shape. As an important development direction and industrial form of the industry, energy storage will play an increasingly important role in the energy pattern. Based on the company’s deep understanding of power technology and power grid attributes, the company designed energy storage products for different application scenarios. In order to meet the requirements of safety, efficiency and reliability of large energy storage power stations on the power grid side and power generation side, the company independently developed and launched an air-cooled and liquid-cooled 1500V Intel Li fully serialized (160KW, 630KW, 1MW, 1.25MW, 2.5MW) series energy storage system and 15000 MW. Based on the safety requirements of large-scale energy storage system and submerged liquid cooling technology, submerged liquid cooling energy storage systems (215KWh, 430KWh, 3 kWh, 6 3MWh) are developed. Aiming at the demand of safety, flexibility and high integration of industrial and commercial energy storage, the company introduced 1000V Meta series energy storage integrated machines (113KWh, 170KWh, 213KWh and 215KWh). Based on core products, the company provides targeted system solutions for different side features such as power generation side, power grid side and user side. On the power generation side, it can provide photovoltaic power station, wind farm to increase storage and fire storage combined frequency modulation system solutions; On the power grid side, energy storage system solutions such as substations and stations can be provided; On the user side,It can provide system solutions such as optical storage and charging integration and mobile storage and charging for industry and commerce, parks, charging stations, power shortage and other scenes; It also provides a shared energy storage solution that can be used as an independent market entity. At the same time, for high-carbon emission industries such as steel, cement, metallurgy, chemical industry, transportation, construction, etc., the company provides a complete set of intelligent green transformation solutions for traditional enterprises to help achieve the national goal of 30 and 60 double carbon.
In 2023, the revenue of energy storage products and systems business was 450,974,000 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 354.83%.
During the reporting period, the company firmly adhered to the strategic direction, vigorously promoted the capacity building of energy storage battery business and the construction of energy storage battery projects. Focusing on the energy storage battery business, in order to supplement the shortcomings of battery production in the energy storage industry chain, the sodium ion battery trial production project was launched. By the end of the reporting period, a sodium ion square aluminum shell battery pilot line and a supporting sodium ion battery laboratory had been built in this project. Among them, the pilot line has the ability to develop and verify soft bags and square sodium ion batteries and the production capacity of 0.2GWh/ year square sodium ion batteries; The sodium ion battery laboratory has the ability to independently research and develop sodium ion anode and cathode materials, electrolyte and other major materials, and to test and analyze sodium ion and lithium ion materials. The construction of this project will improve the competitiveness of the company’s related businesses in terms of product delivery, price and supply chain control. At the same time, driven by market demand, it can also develop sodium ion battery business alone, creating new profit growth points.
3. The charging and replacing equipment business has been transformed and developed, and the overseas market of charging piles has broad prospects.
Under the dual effects of policy and market, in 2023, China’s new energy vehicles continued to grow rapidly, and the rapid development of production and sales of new energy vehicles forced the demand for charging piles, and the construction of charging infrastructure entered a stage of rapid development. The company seized the development opportunity of the new energy automobile industry. In view of the development trend of new energy vehicles, the company developed a new generation of intelligent power distribution charging pile systems of 240KW, 360KW and 480KW and above, 30KW and 60KW Indian version DC charging system, 12-cabinet and 8-cabinet outdoor power exchange systems, and 200A and 300A high-power indoor power exchange systems. Relying on independent research and development production strength, At present, a 360-480kW split DC charging pile that can be upgraded to an overcharged liquid-cooled terminal has been introduced, with a maximum output current of 600A A. With a wide voltage platform of 200V-1000V, the maximum output of 480kW can be achieved. During the reporting period, the company, together with Shanghai Jiaotong University and South China University of Technology, undertook the R&D work of the key field R&D project-"Research and Industrialization of Key Technologies of Super Charging Piles", focusing on the innovative breakthrough in the development and mass popularization and application technology of high power density, high efficiency and high reliability super charging piles based on domestic silicon carbide devices, focusing on the key technologies and methods such as topology, control, structure, heat dissipation and performance of super charging piles, thus laying a solid technical foundation for the subsequent charging pile business of the company.
The company’s charging and replacing business is concentrated in the company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Zhongneng Yidian, which develops independently, adheres to the business strategy of "value region, value scene and value customer", develops and launches charging and replacing products suitable for European and North American standards while stabilizing the domestic market, and increases the breakthrough of overseas value markets such as Europe and North America. The company not only provides product solutions, but also provides system integration, intelligent charging service network layout and planning, system operation and management, operation and maintenance services and other package solutions. It also has the ability of EPC general contractor to build stations and tailor personalized charging system solutions, which can easily solve the problems of "mileage anxiety" and various charging "pain points" and provide professional, accurate, efficient and reliable solutions for urban green travel and new energy vehicles to get on the road without worry.
During the reporting period, the company reached cooperation with China Petrochemical Sales Co., Ltd., China Oil and Gas Co., Ltd. Sales Branch, Tieta Energy Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Public Bus Station Management Service Co., Ltd., Hefei Charging Company, Yuncheng Static Traffic Operation Co., Ltd., () and many other central enterprises, city investment companies or well-known car companies to provide excellent charging experience for end users and build an optimal cooperation model. Among them, this year, the company successfully served many provinces and cities in Sinopec system, provided high-quality professional products and services for the new project of Sinopec’s "100-day attack" charging station, and ensured the smooth completion and commissioning of related construction tasks. As one of the core bid-winning units of Sinopec’s national self-operated charging station project, the company won the bid for all the south, middle and north blocks with high marks, and set up a special working team to provide self-developed and produced charging piles in time, quality and quantity, providing strong equipment supply support for Sinopec to promote the transformation and upgrading of new energy sources and actively explore new business of traditional gas stations.
In 2023, the charging facilities and equipment business of new energy vehicles realized revenue of 220,889,700 yuan, up by 75.21% year-on-year.
4. The new energy power station holds the operation and continuously contributes to the stable income.
Based on the background of the company’s long-term construction and operation of photovoltaic power plants, it has accumulated rich experience in management and operation, intensively cultivated and improved in management, mastered key links, and ensured the efficiency and safety of project implementation. During the reporting period, all power stations operated stably, achieving zero accidents and zero casualties in safe production. In addition, the company continuously improved the power generation efficiency of power stations by optimizing management measures and upgrading technical level. During the reporting period, the company transferred 100% equity of three wholly-owned photovoltaic power plant project subsidiaries, namely Jinchang Guoneng Solar Power Generation Co., Ltd., Minqin Guoneng Solar Power Generation Co., Ltd. and Chiping Xinjiayuan Photovoltaic Agriculture Co., Ltd. By the end of the reporting period, the company had a total of 560MW of operating photovoltaic power plants and realized power generation income of 653,570,900 yuan by holding photovoltaic power plants connected to the grid, down 4.71% compared with the same period of last year. The company’s independent project operation and maintenance team, through the photovoltaic operation and maintenance cloud platform developed by the company, realizes remote real-time monitoring of the real-time load, power generation and key production indicators of each power station, including the overall situation of all power stations and hierarchical monitoring of the situation of each power station, manages the whole production process of each power station, ensures the controllable operating results, guarantees the power generation through meticulous management, increases the added value of photovoltaic business, enhances economic benefits, and gradually realizes the income generation of the operation and maintenance team, which provides a strong impetus and strong guarantee for the sustainable and stable growth of the company’s operating performance in the next few years. Combined with the needs of the increasingly extensive construction of distributed photovoltaic power plants at home and abroad,An intelligent control system of layered distributed photovoltaic power generation based on cloud platform is developed, which integrates the functions of power generation capacity prediction, power grid auxiliary service, power generation efficiency analysis, component health monitoring, fault early warning, daily operation report and so on, and widely serves the daily operation management of distributed photovoltaic power stations. During the reporting period, the cumulative power generation of the power station held by the company was 853,955.34 MWh, achieving safe production throughout the year.
5. Orderly expansion of overseas business.
The company insists on "OEM+ independent brand" as the main overseas marketing strategy. While maintaining existing OEM customers, it actively seeks the meeting point between the company’s independent brand products and overseas market demand. Brand dealers and OEM partners are driven by two wheels, giving strong support in marketing, industry development, service support, etc., providing overseas customers with UPS, photovoltaic, energy storage, charging piles and other products and solutions, and continuously infiltrating domestic industry and scene application programs into overseas markets.
Relying on the company’s pre-planning and layout in overseas markets, the company continued to increase the sales of traditional superior products such as UPS, charging piles, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems, and actively expanded the market of smart microgrid and modular data center products. During the reporting period, the company’s overseas market business realized revenue of 738,844,800 yuan, an increase of 14.30% over the same period of last year. During the reporting period, the company expanded its influence in overseas markets and gained a large number of overseas customers’ attention through exhibitions in Canton Fair, South Africa International Solar Exhibition, Seoul International Electric Power Exhibition, Munich International Solar Exhibition, Las Vegas International Solar Exhibition and Birmingham Solar Photovoltaic Exhibition. The company will continue to expand overseas markets, focusing on promoting the company’s products at important regional and industrial economic and trade negotiations and exhibitions, and seeking greater development of overseas market business.
(2) Continuously enhance the core R&D strength, actively develop new products and apply new technologies.
During the reporting period, the company focused on its main business, adhered to the market orientation, maintained high-intensity R&D investment, grasped the changing trend of the market and customers’ needs, continuously promoted technological innovation and enhanced the core competitiveness of enterprises. The company continued to implement a group-based R&D management system, strengthened the construction of counterpart technological innovation teams and personnel training according to the business development direction, optimized the R&D process and strengthened the implementation, further promoted technical standardization, and continuously improved product iteration and quality. At the end of the reporting period, the company had 788 R&D personnel, accounting for 34.44% of the total employees. The company also continues to improve the technological innovation system, build an open R&D platform based on core technologies, promote the reform of R&D IPD, and stimulate the awareness of continuous innovation; Create a research and development center of the group, realize the sharing of talents and resources, and give full play to the team’s maximum synergy; Strengthen the R&D process, pay attention to market research and information interaction, and promote the market transformation of new products; Accelerate the standardization process and realize the overall improvement of quality, efficiency and grade; Strengthen the informatization construction of R&D design, unify software and hardware and platforms, promote the launch of new software, and continue to develop solutions around customer needs. During the reporting period, the company increased its R&D investment by a total of 240,987,100 yuan, an increase of 15.07% over the same period of last year. The increase of R&D investment, the expansion of R&D talents and the increase of patented technology have laid a solid foundation for the company to maintain its technological leadership. During the reporting period, Yishite Intelligent System Integration Co., Ltd., a subsidiary, was successfully selected as one of the "Specialization and Innovation" in Shaanxi Province in 2023.The list of small and medium-sized enterprises, Hefei Kai Guanchang, Anhui Province’s "specialized and innovative" enterprise, Eddie Baker’s list of Guangdong Province’s specialized and innovative enterprises in 2022, and Zhongneng Yidian Company’s list of Guangdong Province’s "specialized and innovative" enterprises in 2023. This is the "Little Giant" enterprise that Easy Group was awarded as a national specialized and innovative enterprise after its subsidiary Kangerxin Power and Keruite Software, and it was once again affirmed in terms of innovation and growth.
During the reporting period, the company was recognized as one of the top 500 enterprises with patent strength in China by the Organizing Committee of Brand Power Project, Guangdong Enterprise Brand Building Promotion Association, Guangdong Radio and Television Station and National Trademark Brand Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Guangzhou) Base, and was recognized as a national intellectual property demonstration enterprise by the State Administration of Market Supervision, and its relevant intellectual property strength was recognized. The company’s patent project "A Control Device of Online UPS and Online UPS" won the 23rd China Patent Excellence Award issued by the State Administration of Market Supervision (Intellectual Property Office) and the first prize of China Power Institute’s Technical Invention Award for the project "Key Technology and Application of Large-scale Energy Storage System Based on Power Electronic Battery Cell" of Shanghai Jiaotong University. The 1500V Intel Li Intelligent Tandem Full Scene Energy Storage System independently developed and produced by the company was evaluated at the 12th CFS Financial Summit and the 2023 Sustainable Business Conference.
The company’s main R&D achievements are:
1. For 5G power supply products, the company has developed 60A-1000A high-efficiency embedded communication power supply, 100A-600A indoor and outdoor station communication power supply system, 100A-600A hybrid power supply system, 100A-450A cascade battery utilization system and 1KW-3KW distributed outdoor base station power supply for 5G power supply occasions;
2. High-end power products: the company has developed the 4th generation of 6KVA-20KVA high-efficiency UPS system, the 4th generation of medium-power 10KVA-120KVA UPS power system with high power density, modularization and high energy efficiency, and the 5th generation of 10-200KVA tower/rack UPS power system with high power density; The third generation high-power industrial-grade UPS power supply system (300KVA-2.4MVA) with high power density, modularity and high energy efficiency is applied to general industries, large-scale industrial automation production lines, large data centers and other places that need high reliability and large capacity power supply. A 10KVA-120KVA industrial power frequency UPS system with high performance and high reliability is developed for important occasions such as petrochemical industry and rail transit. For the application of power system, a new generation of 3-10KVA power UPS products is developed, and 100% independent controllable design is realized. The product develops indoor and outdoor integrated power supply products integrating lithium battery, DC module, AC module, system control and power environment under 20KVA for edge computing scenarios. Aiming at the application of lithium battery, a full range of 48V(3KVA,6KVA), 192V (10-20VA power) and 384V (above 30VA power) lithium battery power products were developed. High-end modular UPS,100KVA-200KVA modular UPS system based on 25KVA power module, 200KVA-500KVA modular UPS system based on 50KVA power module and 200KVA-1200KVA modular UPS system based on 100KVA power module;
3. Industrial power supply: hydrogen production industry and other special power supply products. The company has developed 500KW-1.5MW high-efficiency modular power supply and system for hydrogen production industry and other special power supply fields;
4. Energy storage system: Focusing on the industrial technology and market development demand of "smart grid, ubiquitous power Internet of Things, transportation energy", the company adopts high-efficiency electric energy conversion and hierarchical distributed intelligent control technology to develop isolated bidirectional DC/DC modules (10KW/20KW/30KW) and 160KW IP65 energy storage modules based on independent research. 1.28MW energy storage system, BMS, EMS, container energy storage power station solution, and high-power optical storage and charging integrated system have been successfully applied to the demonstration project construction of centralized photovoltaic power station auxiliary energy storage, distributed optical storage microgrid, ultra-high-power electric vehicle charging station with optical storage and charging integration, peak-shaving energy storage power station in industrial park, grid-side energy storage system and intelligent power router;
The cold plate 373KWH outdoor energy storage system and the 3.73MWH container energy storage system are flexibly matched with serial and centralized PCS to provide users with a complete integrated solution. The newly developed 215KWH, 430KWH, 3 kWh and 6 3MWH immersion outdoor energy storage systems provide intrinsically safe solutions for scenes with high security requirements such as data centers and charging stations.
5. In the field of automobile charging, the domestic market has carried out the development of directional 80kW120kW180kW360kW integrated machine and 360kW480kW600kW960kW charging pile products around Sinopec and PetroChina, and the company has developed a new generation of 240KW, 360kW and 480kW intelligent power distribution charging pile systems. Overseas markets have developed and completed a new generation of integrated charging piles with European standard and American standard Atlas D80kWD120kWD160kW (parallel machine 320kW); Completed the development of overseas charging pile operation platform.
6. In the field of optical storage and charging, a 100KWH/200KWH optical storage integrated system is developed, which consists of 30KW bidirectional PCS module, 120KW/240KW charging pile system, high voltage battery system, cooling system and monitoring system.
7. Photovoltaic inverter: It helps to realize "parity access to the Internet" and carbon neutrality. The company has completed the development of a high-power 1500V 320kW series photovoltaic inverter at the station level. The products are suitable for large-scale ground power stations, complex hill power stations, etc. The products reach IP66 protection level and C5 anti-corrosion level, and adapt to various harsh environments; The series DC fault is automatically disconnected, which is safe and reliable. Brand-new weak network control strategy, from adapting to power grid to supporting power grid; I-V curve detection and scanning, accurate and intelligent management; Current harmonic compensation is at the leading level in the industry, which enhances the company’s influence in the field of new energy.
8. Smart battery system: To meet the demand of green electricity and energy storage, BMS and smart battery system suitable for lithium ion battery and sodium ion battery are developed, and standard products are applied to various system-level solutions such as energy storage and power reserve.
9. Operation and maintenance management system: The company has developed an intelligent control system for distributed photovoltaic power generation based on cloud platform, which integrates the functions of power generation capacity prediction, power grid auxiliary service, power generation efficiency analysis, component health monitoring, fault early warning, daily operation report and so on, and widely serves the daily operation and management of distributed photovoltaic power stations.
10. According to the development needs of domestic and international markets, the company has developed the third generation of efficient and intelligent 5KW-30KW and 100KW-120KW photovoltaic inverters to meet the market demand. In the field of household energy storage, a new generation of 6KW-12KW single-phase optical storage integrated machine and 5KW-20KW three-phase optical storage integrated machine have the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency and strong protection ability. The newly developed 5KWH-30KWH optical storage battery system has outstanding advantages such as IP66 protection level, stacked design, plug-and-play module, automatic identification, flexible battery expansion and flexible switching of various working modes. Products have been certified by Germany, Italy, Belgium, Australia and South Africa.
11. In the field of military power supply, 0.5KWH, 2KWH and 5KWH battery energy storage modules, 3KW/5KW photovoltaic shelter, 6KW fuel cell shelter, 6KW generator shelter and 30KWH energy storage shelter have been developed.
By the end of the reporting period, the company had obtained 1004 authorized patents and software copyrights. Among them, there are 210 domestic invention patents, 519 utility model patents, 106 design patents, 4 American patents and 2 European Union patents. The company has completed 163 software copyright registrations. During the reporting period, the company added 38 domestic invention patent applications and obtained 18 domestic invention patents.
(C) Brand building, and establish a high-quality image of the company
As an outstanding listed company with comprehensive solutions of industrial digitalization & new energy and energy storage, the company is an old brand in China local power supply industry. In recent years, it has adhered to the core of power electronics technology and energy efficiency management, actively seized the two opportunities of industrial digitalization and dual-carbon goals, continuously increased investment in R&D and innovation, and wholeheartedly provided high-quality products and first-class services, with a good market reputation, and promoted the brand value of Easy. The company’s "EAST" series products are well-known in the high-end power supply industry. After years of use and market test by users, the Easy Brand has won unanimous praise from customers for its reliable quality, rich functions, moderate price, wide adaptability and timely and professional after-sales service. During the reporting period, it was recognized by the State Administration of Market Supervision as a powerful brand with "a thousand enterprises and a hundred cities", as a high-value trademark brand in Guangdong by Guangdong Trademark Association, and as one of the top 100 global photovoltaic brands by Xinneng Think Tank and PVBL Photovoltaic Brand Laboratory of Century New Energy Network.
(D) Improve the manufacturing capacity and service level of the supply chain.
The company always puts product quality first. The quality of power supply products is related to the stability of back-end electronic, data and communication equipment and the safety of users. The company is committed to improving its own quality management system, emphasizing TQM quality management thinking, setting up a quality center, and setting up strict quality control measures in R&D, procurement, production, outsourcing and after-sales. With the excellent quality of products, the company has been recognized by well-known downstream customers and established long-term and stable cooperative relations with each other. During the reporting period, in view of the rapidly changing reality of the external environment and market, the digital management platform of the factory was further improved, the supply chain manufacturing system was built to create an agile delivery system of the supply chain, and lean manufacturing activities were carried out, from basic lean to high-level lean, from internal change to external change (building a full value chain), to support the company’s development through lean+informatization+automation.
(V) Strengthen risk prevention and control, and improve the situation of production safety.
During the reporting period, the company continued to systematically promote risk control, compliance and internal control management, further consolidated the work system of rule of law construction, revised and improved rules and regulations in the field of rule of law construction, implemented special actions to build a compliance culture, took the whole process supervision and management as an important starting point for risk prevention and control, and innovated internal audit and audit forms, effectively promoting the high-quality completion of power and responsibility audits of various business divisions and functional departments. Comprehensively investigate various business risks and formulate control measures, strengthen the supervision of risk control compliance, and conduct special supervision on risk control of key projects. The risk management system will be further optimized, and a "two verticals and one horizon" risk management system will be established, in which professional lines are connected up and down, the whole enterprise is coordinated up and down, and risk management is linked horizontally. The annual key risk management plan will be formulated and the new risks and management effects will be dynamically evaluated. Effectively handle legal disputes and effectively avoid or recover losses. We will further strengthen the work of managing enterprises according to law, optimize the external management empowerment mechanism of corporate legal departments, strengthen the prevention of internal and external compliance risks, and improve the working mechanism of operating in accordance with the law. The company earnestly implements the company’s deployment requirements on safety production, firmly establishes the concept of safety development, and builds a sound responsibility system. Strictly abide by the safety red line, and put the essential safety requirements into every link. The overall situation of safety production is stable and controllable, and no major quality and safety accidents and major property losses have occurred in the production of various projects.
V. Prospect of the Company’s Future Development
(a) the company’s development strategy and business plan
With the business philosophy of "science and technology achieve dreams, persistence creates brilliance", based on power electronics and energy efficiency management technology, the company practices the core values of "country, honor, honesty and innovation", adheres to the initial mission of "industry serving the country and strengthening the country through industry", and continuously creates value to achieve open and win-win results. Committed to becoming an expert in power electronics technology and energy efficiency management, and an excellent supplier of global digital industry and smart energy integrated solutions.
In 2024, based on the digitalization of existing industries and the smart energy industry, relying on the first-class intelligent manufacturing platform, the company will continue to reduce costs and increase efficiency, improve customer service capabilities, expand new business areas, seize the opportunity of the times around the new power system with new energy as the main body, comprehensively do a good job in the production, operation, reform and development of enterprises, and continue to focus on digitalization and new energy sectors such as wind power, photovoltaic, lithium/sodium ion new energy storage and charging piles. Actively participate in rural revitalization and construction, actively participate in the new construction in the digital energy era, earnestly practice the concept of digitalization and double carbon development, vigorously develop new energy+energy storage projects, and help the country achieve the "double carbon" goal. We will do our best to implement key tasks such as technological innovation, market development, efficiency improvement, emerging industry development, talent construction, risk prevention and control, continue to promote green and low-carbon and digital transformation, fully achieve the production and operation objectives in 2024, and vigorously promote the company’s high-quality development.
The key work of the company in 2024 is as follows:
1. Marketing: Dig deep into the market scene demand and optimize the marketing system from the customer’s perspective.
1) Continue to adhere to the customer-oriented service concept, take customers as the center, continuously improve the service quality and meet the differentiated market demand of customers. Strengthen market investment in sub-sectors, strengthen support for partners in large projects and industries, enhance the deployment of comprehensive solution capabilities in sub-sectors such as transportation, electric power, communication and Internet, increase manpower investment in technology-enabled marketing and solution teams, improve marketing system and equipment, and build industry competitiveness. Carry out in-depth industry exchanges, intensify brand promotion, and enhance the ability of industry solutions. On the basis of serving the existing sales channels of customer centers in various provinces and cities, strengthen the headquarters breakthrough of major industries such as electric power, transportation, finance, communication, and military industry, deeply integrate customer centers to promote the landing of local projects, seize the opportunity of rapid development of new energy+energy storage markets at home and abroad, and rely on the system-integrated R&D platform to increase R&D investment, build a full range of self-developed products, accelerate market model innovation, and strive to become. The company accordingly strengthened its supply chain to cope with the rapid growth of delivery demand and the uncertainty of global device supply.
2) Integrate the manpower layout of the company’s energy sales team, solution team, R&D technical support team, supply chain delivery team and other functional departments; Strengthen the construction of the marketing team system, implement the Measures for the Administration of Domestic Marketing Centers, and serve and manage all relevant departments (centers) in terms of new product approval, product quality notification, outsourced production, and low-voltage device library management; Increase the strength of project development, delivery and product research and development in the new energy industry, strengthen cooperation with offshore wind power customers, strengthen the development of new wind power products, build a team of optical storage and charging geological exploration, design and project implementation, meet the needs of direct sales project expansion, and expand the staff to drive the project expansion of customer center. We will implement the "customer-centered, market-oriented, struggler-oriented" benefit-sharing incentive mechanism, carry out the reform of marketing incentive mechanism, stimulate the sense of responsibility of all staff, and strive to build an excellent supplier of new energy+energy storage integrated solutions.
Focusing on photovoltaic and wind power generation, we will provide customers with all-round energy solutions of new energy and energy storage, actively build application scenario demonstration platforms in key areas, replace EPC/PC with project development resources, and focus on expanding energy storage and new energy business in Sanmenxia and radiating Henan Province based on Sanmenxia Easy Energy Storage Industrial Park; Relying on Qingyang Easy’s manufacturing base of east number and west number calculation, we will carry out the construction of supporting equipment manufacturing industrial park, settle in upstream and downstream industrial chain enterprises, focus on expanding Qingyang’s energy storage and new energy business, and focus on breaking through local wind power projects. Give priority to the mid-to-high-end market in various scenarios, and provide power generation and energy storage products and engineering services with high technology, high quality, high safety and low comprehensive use cost. We will provide a series of products such as inverters, energy storage and energy management systems according to customers’ needs, make great efforts to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy and the construction of new power systems, highlight the planning and overall planning role of the whole industry, and jointly promote integrated marketing.
3) Internationalization is an important strategic component of the company’s development. With the favorable opportunity of the country to promote the "Belt and Road" grand strategy, the company actively develops the markets of emerging countries related to the "Belt and Road". With the increasing global demand for renewable energy, there is a huge market opportunity for overseas new energy project development. In 2024, it is necessary to speed up overseas business development and establish a multi-channel marketing system. In view of the demand for charging piles and household energy storage in overseas markets, countries and regions with market potential should focus on overseas market expansion and service, carry out special expansion plans, concentrate the company’s superior resources, and reuse them in combination with the original marketing channels and means, so as to increase overseas value markets such as Europe and North America while stabilizing the domestic market.
4) Identify existing customers, optimize customer structure, strengthen customer classification management, carry out targeted marketing promotion for key potential customers, solve customer core needs and enhance customer stickiness. In the follow-up business development, we should strengthen cost control, and rationally control and intervene customers with high degree of customization but low order volume and insufficient cooperation to ensure reasonable profit rate of the business.
2. R&D: Constantly iterative and innovative to consolidate the leading position.
Relying on the platform of the research institute of Eastman Group, the company maintains the leading edge of the core technology of power electronics. In 2024, the company’s products in traditional business areas need to further strengthen the process of localization and full localization while maintaining optimization, upgrading and updating iterations. The company will continue to implement a group-based R&D management system, strengthen the construction of counterpart technology innovation teams and personnel training according to the business development direction, optimize the R&D process and strengthen the implementation of landing, further promote technical standardization, and continue to do a good job in product iteration and quality improvement. The company will continue to improve the technological innovation system, build an open research and development platform based on core technologies, and stimulate the awareness of continuous innovation; Improve the mechanism of technology development and innovation, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees for innovation, adopt the methods of foreign introduction and internal integration, continuously strengthen cooperation with well-known universities, research institutes and supporting enterprises at home and abroad, actively introduce senior scientific research talents at home and abroad, and at the same time continue to integrate R&D forces within enterprises, establish a sound R&D system and an efficient R&D team, so that the company can continue to have technological advantages in the market competition; Strengthen the R&D process, pay attention to market research and information interaction, and promote the market transformation of new products; Accelerate the standardization process and realize the overall improvement of quality, efficiency and grade; Strengthen the informatization construction of R&D design, unify software and hardware and platforms, promote the launch of new software, and continue to develop solutions around customer needs. Improve the standardization and planning of the technical planning of the R&D system, strengthen the technical platform construction of the R&D center and the breakthrough intelligence of key technologies,Expand industry research and cooperation resources such as universities and research institutions, continuously enhance the technological advantages in existing product fields, and establish technological advantages in new business directions.
Songshan Lake R&D Center of the company will continue to upgrade the standard EATPM series hybrid power supply system and develop a whole series of new generation series photovoltaic grid-connected inverters on the basis of the existing complete modular solution of optical storage and charging system and hybrid power supply solution. At the same time, we will continue to carry out research work on major special projects at all levels in provinces and cities such as "R&D and industrialization of key technologies for distributed intelligent charging" and "Research and industrialization of key technologies for super charging piles"; Xi’ an R&D Center will continue to rely on the local talent advantage in Xi’ an, continue to increase its construction, gradually focus on the development of products in the energy field, focus on new energy sources, build an innovation base of "internet plus low-carbon" full-scene comprehensive energy solutions, and continue to iterate the new generation of tandem 1500V energy storage PCS, 1000V energy storage PCS products and high-power photovoltaic inverter products, and strive to become the most influential innovation base of power electronic solutions in northwest China; Nanjing R&D Center will closely focus on the R&D and marketization of the product operation and maintenance platform of our company, and provide stable and efficient operation and maintenance software and hardware products for the company’s products in various scenarios. Guangzhou R&D Center will continue to improve the priority of development projects of special power supply in the industry and quickly iterate to adapt to new products in the market.
3. Enhance the intelligent manufacturing capability and enhance the company’s market competitiveness.
In 2024, the company will further optimize the procurement, material control, production and other processes based on total quality management. Relying on the construction of software system, the supply chain is gradually transforming to intelligent manufacturing. The company invests in intelligent production, automatic testing, automatic logistics and intelligent warehousing to promote the improvement of production technology and quality level. The company’s supply chain will implement technical transformation projects to improve labor productivity, shorten the delivery cycle of equipment, enhance the universality of components, reduce the circulation of parts and reduce energy consumption to meet the needs of the new market economy. The company will constantly improve the digital management platform of the factory, realize effective control over the whole process of product manufacturing and traceability of product quality, and further improve the company’s management level and quality control ability. With the completion of the company’s production bases in Sanmenxia and Qingyang, Easy Group will gradually realize the geographical connection between the company’s production capacity and customers, reduce production costs and enhance product competitiveness.
In 2024, we will undertake the company’s strategy and business plan, rely on the company’s new energy+energy storage products as the starting point, consolidate the foundation of supply chain management, and continue to carry out the construction of digital factories. Through the transformation of intelligent manufacturing equipment and the interactive management of information-based intelligent manufacturing data, we will empower the entire supply chain system and improve the delivery of the entire supply chain system. In 2024, the supply chain system will continue to further promote lean management. Lean management goes deep into all aspects of the whole group company, and carries out multi-dimensional lean management. Through lean management, the whole supply chain management pays more attention to delivery, details management and process improvement management. Carry out quality iterative activities and total quality management activities, pay more attention to systematic, procedural and institutionalized construction, further strengthen production safety, improve the management level of environmental protection equipment and facilities, and ensure production safety and environmental safety; Explore the development, application and introduction of new processes, technologies and materials, promote the continuous improvement of automation, flexibility and intelligence of manufacturing, enhance the company’s market competitiveness, consolidate its market position and maintain its leading position in the industry;
4. Continuously optimize the management system and strive to improve the governance level of listed companies.
In 2024, the company will strengthen the construction of modern corporate governance and internal control, continue to establish a scientific and feasible modern corporate operation mechanism, continue to improve and promote the construction of Dongguan R&D operation headquarters and Qingyang digital energy projects, deepen management improvement, forge ahead, take decisive and powerful management reform measures, and realize the company’s leap-forward development through standardized operation. Based on customer-centered values, scientific methods of classified management and the spirit of teamwork, the company will achieve goal-oriented and efficient management. The company will vigorously promote management reform, strengthen strategic guidance, deepen strategic deployment, implement strategic guidance performance, build an internal staff rank system, do a good job in building promotion channels, standardize the salary system, realize the matching of income with posts and ranks, and effectively play the role of salary incentive. Improve supply chain management, strengthen performance management and optimize risk control management. Introduce professional consulting companies, promote the implementation of lean manufacturing and smart factory APS, WMS, MES and SRM projects, improve the level of planning, warehousing, production automation and intelligence, and improve the collaborative efficiency and delivery capacity of the whole supply chain such as marketing, R&D and suppliers.
Further standardize the company’s modern enterprise system, improve the company’s list of rights and responsibilities, and improve the decision-making system for major issues. We will continue to improve the support system for the operation of the board of directors and the exercise of duties by external directors, enhance the standardized operation of the board of directors and the ability of directors to exercise their duties according to law, optimize the authorized management of the board of directors, effectively play the role of managers in business management, and improve corporate governance. Continue to strengthen the company’s risk management and control capabilities, improve the management level and quality from the perspective of risk management, and ensure the company’s sustained and healthy development. Optimize the management process and improve the efficiency of decision-making. Carry out information disclosure in accordance with the law and regulations, further improve the information disclosure mechanism, optimize the disclosure content and improve the quality of information disclosure based on the needs of investors. Establish and improve a multi-channel and multi-level investor communication mechanism, strengthen investor communication through regular performance briefings, investor visits and receptions, telephone network interaction, etc., respond to investors’ demands in a timely manner, and strengthen the daily maintenance of important investors. Further improve the working mechanism of sustainable development (ESG), compile and publish ESG reports according to regulations, and promote the continuous improvement of the company’s professional governance capacity.
5. Continue to strengthen fund control and reduce various expenses.
Optimize the operation structure, continuously optimize the operation efficiency, make the company’s operation and management level match the business development speed, and enhance the synergy while reducing costs and increasing efficiency. By unifying the understanding of the importance of cost reduction and increasing efficiency, clarifying the work policy, determining the annual task index of cost reduction, implementing the methods and methods of cost reduction and increasing efficiency, and strengthening the assessment and incentives, the work of cost reduction and increasing efficiency will be solid, meticulous and effective. Focusing on financial management, comprehensively strengthen financial control and risk control of subsidiaries; Strengthen the management of fund-raising and financing, optimize the debt structure and reduce financial expenses; Establish a systematic concept, give play to the role of overall planning and coordination, allocate resources efficiently, and create new advantages in cost competition. Improve total factor production efficiency, continuously deepen system cost reduction, optimize process path and component design, promote intensive logistics reduction, improve procurement efficiency and reduce procurement costs. Strictly manage capital, cost and investment, establish a full-staff, all-round and whole-process cost control system, strictly control unproductive expenditures, and actively achieve the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency in an all-round way; The company will further strengthen the internal management work such as accounts receivable management and inventory management to improve the efficiency of the company’s fund use, and at the same time, apply for credit from financial institutions to ensure that the fund supply can meet the daily working capital requirements for maintaining and developing the company’s business. Through internal management improvement, process innovation, efficiency improvement, cost reduction and bid winning rate improvement, we will strengthen the credit review of customers in the early stage, control contract risks and strengthen the management of accounts receivable.
6. Improve the human resource management system and stabilize the core talents for a long time.
In 2024, the company will carry out management talent planning, continue to strengthen the construction of talent team, improve the construction of human resources management system such as job responsibilities, assessment incentives and training, formulate scientific and reasonable salary policies to attract, recruit and retain outstanding talents, stimulate the work enthusiasm of all staff, and fully mobilize the subjective initiative of all staff. At the same time, the profit center mechanism is implemented to fully stimulate employees’ initiative, so as to achieve the goal of those who can work harder and those who can get more. Focusing on the needs of strategic development, the company matches talents in corresponding industries, increases the recruitment of leading talents and core talents, accelerates the introduction of high-level talents and strengthens the construction of high-quality talents. Comprehensively improve employees’ personal ability, team competitiveness and cohesion; Create a flexible and practical performance management system, take the goal achievement as the guide, persist in stimulating vitality and improving efficiency, and create and implement a new mode of market-oriented operation. Improve the differentiated management and control mode, establish a comprehensive and efficient management system, optimize the performance evaluation system, and comprehensively deepen the "authorization+mutual benefit" mechanism; Actively explore mechanisms such as salary, equity incentives and business partners, and strive to build a high-quality management team with leading technology, exquisite business and unity.
In 2024, we will continue to implement lean 6S work, enhance corporate image and improve the working and living environment of employees; Upgrade the information system of human resources and carry out the digital reform of human resources.
(2) Possible risks and countermeasures
1. Macro-environmental changes and emergency risks
The slowdown of global economic growth, international trade friction, the rise of trade protectionism, sudden public health incidents, and the shortage or rise of raw materials at home and abroad may all affect the development of enterprises. Uncertainties at home and abroad have suddenly increased, and the economic situation is complex and changeable. In the future, changes in international and domestic macroeconomic trends and market demand will have an impact on the prosperity, production and operation of the company and upstream and downstream industries, thus affecting the company’s operating performance. Therefore, we should always be vigilant about the impact of risk changes on the company’s business and adjust our strategies in time.
2. Risk of market competition
The company continues to increase the development of high-end power equipment, data centers, charging piles, 5G power supply, rail transit and energy storage systems, and strive to expand market share. The company may face increasingly fierce market competition in the future, which will bring certain pressure to the company to further expand its market share and improve its competitive position in the market. The company’s high-end power supply equipment, data center, charging pile, 5G power supply, rail transit and energy storage system businesses already have good market advantages. However, attracted by the huge potential of domestic and international markets, many enterprises have entered the data center, charging pile, energy storage and other industries, and the market competition faced by the company is becoming increasingly fierce. In view of market competition, the company will further intensify research and development, continue to promote the development of products in the direction of systematization and overall solutions, realize the strategy of product technology leadership and differentiation, and strive to provide one-stop system services to improve the added value of products and businesses.
3. Risk of industrial policy change
The high-end power supply equipment, data center, charging pile, 5G power supply, rail transit and energy storage system implemented by the company are closely related to the national macroeconomic policy, energy policy, energy conservation and environmental protection policy, etc. In the future, the company may face the risk that the country will adjust the relevant industrial policies for macro-control needs, thus adversely affecting the company’s business development. Under the background of "new infrastructure", the company’s data center products and new energy products are favored by the market, but if the policies are not implemented in time and the support effect is not as good as expected, it will have an impact on the company’s operation. In view of the risk of policy changes, the company will continue to expand overseas markets, increase overseas market share, and spread the possible risks caused by policy changes. At the same time, the company will strive to adhere to the common development of high-end power equipment, data centers, charging piles, 5G power supply, rail transit and energy storage systems, pay close attention to customer needs and the latest technology applications and market and technology development trends in the industry, and realize the industrialization and scale of concentric circle strategy-related businesses based on the company’s core power electronics technology, so as to reduce the impact of policy changes on the company’s performance.
4. Risks in operation and maintenance management of photovoltaic projects
The photovoltaic power plant projects invested and built by the company in the early stage have all been connected to the grid for power generation, and entered the operation and maintenance stage of the project, which has risks such as operation and maintenance management and power grid absorptive capacity, which may lead to the income not reaching expectations. Aiming at the risk of operation and maintenance management of photovoltaic projects, the company established a long-term mechanism for operation and maintenance training to continuously improve the operation and maintenance ability of the operation and maintenance management team. Through the photovoltaic operation and maintenance cloud platform developed by the company, the overall situation of all power stations can be monitored remotely and in real time, and the whole production process of each power station can be managed to ensure that the operating results are controllable. Strive to achieve new value-added through the operation and maintenance services of self-owned and contracted grid-connected power station projects.
5, technology research and development innovation risk
With the acceleration of new technology innovation, the shortening of product technology advantage cycle, and the higher requirements of customers for product performance indicators and personalization, higher requirements are put forward for the company’s continuous innovation ability. Increasing R&D investment for technological innovation may lead to an increase in operating costs, or the risk that the high pricing of new products will lead to a decline in market acceptance. The company will continue to adhere to the customer demand-oriented, improve the management mechanism of R&D innovation projects, strengthen the technical risk prediction of projects, and reduce the uncertainty and risk of R&D innovation.
6, accounts receivable recovery risk
With the rapid development of the domestic market, the sales of the company’s data center, energy storage, charging piles and new energy power generation business have further increased, and the company will continue to increase the expansion of this business in the future. The customers of this kind of business are mainly large Internet group companies, power generation groups, local power investment companies, photovoltaic power station builders and distributors, and photovoltaic-related subsidies payable by the government. Due to the characteristics of large single project amount and long payment period, this kind of business will lead to a rapid increase in the company’s accounts receivable balance. In view of the risk of accounts receivable recovery, the company has formulated a strict credit management system, strengthened the management of customer accounts, and increased the assessment of accounts receivable.
7. Managing risks
In order to further expand the business of IDC data center, charging pile, photovoltaic and energy storage system, the company has set up more subsidiaries and Sun companies nationwide, which makes the management of subordinate companies more difficult. Therefore, the company has formulated the Subsidiary Management System, further improved the management process and internal control system, and has formed a mature business model and management system, and introduced SAP to establish SAP system for the company, effectively adjusting the organizational structure. We have strengthened our capabilities in production management, sales management, quality control and risk management, and avoided the management risks caused by the rapid expansion of scale. The company will further accelerate the management transformation, strengthen the construction of internal control system, optimize the management process and improve the construction of talent team, and effectively avoid the management risks caused by the company’s rapid development.
Recently, an invoice for the purchase of Changan Mazda EZ-6 that detonated on the Internet shows that the price of the model is 221,800 yuan. This news has triggered extensive discussion and speculation. Many industry insiders believe that this car, as Changan Mazda’s first new energy product and the only model in the joint venture B-class car market that provides range-extending power, is very likely to be true, and indicates that Changan Mazda will play an important role in the new energy field.
Returning to the authenticity of the invoice, according to the released picture, the invoice date of this car purchase invoice is August 16, which is more than a month earlier than the pre-sale time. Usually, before the new car is launched, the car company will have a complete set of promotion processes. For a joint venture car company like Changan Mazda that requires joint decision-making between China and Japan, it is not surprising to confirm the price two months in advance. From this invoice, we see that although the sensitive information is coded, the authenticity of this invoice is very high from the information of the invoicing party and the invoice seal of Changan Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. Therefore, the price of 221,800 yuan shown in the invoice is very likely to be the real price of the EZ-6.

In fact, since the Changan Mazda EZ-6 made its debut at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, it has quickly become one of the most talked-about sedans in the joint venture new energy field. There are two reasons why it has attracted a lot of attention. First, its styling is at the forefront of the joint venture new energy field. Second, the EZ-6 is the only model in the joint venture B-class sedan market that offers an extended-range power option, making up for the gap in the joint venture brand’s extended-range electric vehicle field. These two features make the Changan Mazda EZ-6 ready to make a big show in the market.
When it comes to the product itself, first of all, from the perspective of body size, the length, width and height of Changan Mazda EZ-6 are 4921/1890/1485mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2895mm. The frameless door and hatchback design make it have a modern feel of new energy vehicles while retaining Mazda’s classic design elements, such as through-type tail lights and 4 round gun downlights on both sides. In addition, from the power point of view, the current exposure information shows that the EZ-6 has two power forms, pure electric and extended range, both of which adopt a rear-drive layout. The pure electric version has a power output of 190 kW, while the extended range version is equipped with a 1.5-liter range extender, and the power parameters are exactly the same. In terms of battery life, pure electric models offer a range of 480 kilometers and 600 kilometers, respectively, depending on the battery capacity, while extended-range models can have a range of more than 1,300 kilometers with a single charge and a tank of fuel.

In terms of intelligent configuration, Changan Mazda EZ-6 has also made great efforts. It is equipped with Qualcomm Snapdragon third-generation 8155 chip, 14.6-inch floating center control screen, full LCD instrument cluster, AR-HUD head-up display, and 180-degree panoramic chassis. In addition, it is equipped with adaptive cruise control, lane keeping assistance and automatic parking functions. At the same time, its high-end configuration includes Sony audio, 64-color ambient lights and zero-gravity seats, which are not common in the same class of models.
Judging from the price of these configurations and other models in the domestic market, the starting price of the EZ-6 is very reasonable at 221,800 yuan. For a high-end joint venture intermediate car, this price is not only lower than the price of Tesla and 300,000, but also lower than the starting price of the Volkswagen ID7 at 227,700 yuan. This means that the EZ-6 is expected to cause a lot of repercussions in the market due to its excellent configuration and reasonable pricing.

Combined with Mazda’s previous pricing strategy, it is expected that the final price range of the EZ-6 will fall between 180,000 and 240,000. If some preferential policies are added during the pre-sale period, its competitive advantage will be further highlighted, making other joint venture new energy models in the market feel huge pressure. It is reported that the EZ-6 will start pre-sale on September 28 and is planned to be officially launched at the end of October. All suspense remains to be revealed, and we will wait and see what the final result is.
Readers feel that the pricing and configuration of the Changan Mazda EZ-6 are competitive enough? Will you consider buying this new energy sedan? Feel free to express your opinions in the comment section.

# Editor’s Note: The economic structure of Pacific island countries is single and fragile, their development is heavily dependent on external forces, their self-development ability is insufficient, and their internal differentiation is wide. With the accumulation of investment, the development of major projects and the improvement of infrastructure, the development potential of Pacific island countries is gradually being released, and the overall economic operation is improving. However, due to its own characteristics, its shortcomings and risks are still outstanding, and it is necessary to make precise policies, make overall plans and formulate systematic and comprehensive solutions.

Wen | Zhou Yuyi, Yang Yang, Hu Zhenyu China (Shenzhen) Institute of Sustainable Development and Marine Economy.
I. Regional characteristics of Pacific island countries and their economic characteristics under their influence
(A) their own development capacity is insufficient
Pacific island countries have a total land area of about 520,000 square kilometers, a total population of about 11.068 million, and an economic aggregate of about 34.83 billion US dollars (2018). Among them, Papua New Guinea, as the island country with the largest land area and population, has a land area of about 453,000 square kilometers, a total population of about 8.606 million and an economic aggregate of about 24.45 billion US dollars, accounting for 87.6%, 77.8% and 70.2% of the total number of Pacific island countries respectively. The remaining 13 island countries have a total land area of less than 70,000 square kilometers, a total population of about 2.462 million and an economic aggregate of only 103. Nauru and Tuvalu, which have the smallest land areas, have land areas of 21 square kilometers and 26 square kilometers respectively, and their population size is only about 13,000. Niue, the island country with the least population, with a total population of more than 1,600, is a typical small country with few people.
Table 1-1 Overview of Pacific Island Countries in 2018

Source: World Bank statistics in 2018 and https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/wfnext/region _ aus.html.
Due to the small and scattered land space, far from the world economic and social activity center, and the constraints of capital, talents, technology and engineering capabilities, the infrastructure level of transportation, energy, information and other Pacific island countries is low, the industrial base is weak, the self-development ability is seriously insufficient, and the social and economic development is generally lagging behind. For example, in terms of energy, the power supply in the Pacific island countries is seriously insufficient and the cost of electricity consumption is high. Among the total population of more than 11 million, there are more than 7 million people without electricity. Most island countries have not achieved full coverage of the power grid, and the electricity consumption gap is large. Among them, Papua New Guinea, as an island country with the largest land area and population, has the worst power supply capacity. The national power grid coverage rate is only 15%, and about 6.3 million people live in power-free areas. The electricity supply rates in Vanuatu and Solomon Islands are only 30% and 20%.
From the perspective of economic development, Pacific island countries are typical resource-dependent economies, and industrial development is mainly determined by resource endowments such as agriculture, fisheries, minerals and tourism. Therefore, most island countries are limited by land space and mineral resources, and the proportion of primary and tertiary industries is relatively high. The development of secondary industry is generally lagging behind, and mining and a small amount of light industry are the mainstay (light industry mainly processes fish products, wood, coconut and sucrose), and most other industrial products rely on imports. Countries such as Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Micronesia (Federated States of) still take fishery and agriculture as their pillar industries. Among them, Kiribati’s fishery accounts for 71.7% of national income (2018); Fiji, Palau, Samoa, Vanuatu, Cook Islands and other countries have relatively developed tourism, and the proportion of tertiary industry is obviously high; The relatively prominent secondary industry is mainly Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and other countries with relatively large land area and rich mineral resources. Nauru has a small land area, but it once dominated the national economy due to the enrichment of phosphate minerals, and now it is almost exhausted. In addition, wood processing in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, sugar industry in Fiji, fish products processing, soap making and coconut oil processing in Micronesia, and food, tobacco, beer and soft drinks processing in Samoa also have a certain foundation.
Table 1-2 Comparison of Three Industrial Structures and Key Industries of Major Pacific Island Countries

Source: Guide to Foreign Investment Cooperation Countries (Regions) (2019), and the data of Fiji’s tertiary industrial structure are in 2017.
(B) the living and development environment under tight constraints
Pacific island countries live deep in the ocean, mostly in the earthquake-active zone around the Pacific Ocean, with small territory and low altitude. They have been threatened by natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis for a long time, and they are also facing the enormous survival pressure of global warming and rising sea levels.
First, the Pacific island countries are located at the junction of the Pacific plate, the Eurasian plate, the Indian Ocean plate, the American plate and the Antarctic plate, and most of them are located in the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean. They have frequent geological activities all year round and are facing natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis.
Second, the Pacific island countries are also one of the regions with the most frequent typhoon activities, and the typhoon transit has caused great losses to the island countries. For example, Typhoon Aita in April 2014 directly affected more than 12,000 people in Papua New Guinea. In March 2015, tropical storm Pam hit Vanuatu hard, and 90% of houses in the capital Port Vila were damaged by the storm. In 2018, there were 126 recorded typhoons/hurricanes/tropical storms in the world (110 were named and 16 were unnamed), including 53 in the northwest Pacific, 27 in the northeast Pacific and 8 in the south Pacific, accounting for 69.8% of the total.
Third, the Pacific island countries are mostly composed of small islands, with a low average altitude, and most of the population is concentrated in coastal areas, which is very seriously affected by climate change. Tuvalu, for example, is composed of seven ring-shaped coral reefs and two coral islands distributed on the sea surface of 800 square kilometers, with a land area of only 26 square kilometers and a maximum altitude of only 5 meters. According to the sea level rise rate from 1993 to 2012, 60% of its land will sink into the sea by 2062. In 2011, Tuvalu warned that if it did not slow down the global warming, the country would face extinction. Other countries such as Nauru, Kiribati, Vanuatu and other island countries are also facing similar problems.
(C) internal development differentiation disparity
The Pacific island region consists of more than 10,000 islands, which are distributed on the Pacific Ocean surface of about 30 million square kilometers and belong to Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Due to the large number of islands, scattered distribution, and great differences in resource conditions and political, economic and cultural backgrounds, there is a huge disparity in development between different archipelagos and between different island countries.
Melanesian Islands mainly include Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, etc. Most of them are continental islands, with relatively large land area, large population, and relatively rich land mineral resources, which have good conditions for developing metal and agricultural processing industries. Therefore, the economic scale is relatively large. The GDP of Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu in Melanesia accounts for 92% of the total economic output of Pacific island countries. Micronesia Islands means "small island islands", which mainly includes Palau, Micronesia (Federated States of), Marshall Islands, Kiribati and Nauru. They are mostly composed of a series of atolls and scattered islands, with the smallest population and economic aggregate among the three archipelagos. However, due to the large number and wide distribution of islands, the exclusive economic zone is the largest, totaling 9.34 million square kilometers, accounting for 49% of the entire Pacific island countries. Polynesian islands mainly include Cook Islands, Samoa, Tuvalu, Niue and Tonga, and are dominated by volcanic islands and coral reefs, with smaller land area, population size and economic scale, but higher than Micronesia. From the main indicators, the socio-economic development level of Pacific island countries is closely related to population size and industrial characteristics, and the internal differences are very significant. For example, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, located in Melanesia Islands, are in the forefront in population scale and economic scale, but the per capita GDP and the proportion of urban population are low. Among them, the proportion of urban population in Papua New Guinea is only 15%, that is, 85% people live in rural areas.Engaged in low-level agricultural activities, therefore, the per capita GDP is only about 3,000 US dollars. The proportion of urban population in Solomon Islands and Vanuatu is below 30%, and the per capita GDP is only $2,200 and $3,254 respectively. Fiji has a total population of 926,000, second only to Papua New Guinea. However, due to relatively good infrastructure conditions and developed tourism, the per capita GDP is US$ 5,870. At present, Fiji has become an important tourist center in the Pacific region, receiving more than 800,000 international tourists annually, accounting for about 50% of the total international tourists received by Pacific island countries, and its tourism revenue is equivalent to 20% of GDP. On the contrary, Cook Islands and Palau have a small population, a small burden of economic development, and rapid growth. The per capita GDP has exceeded 10,000 US dollars, and the proportion of urban population has reached a very high level. However, Samoa, Kiribati, Micronesia (Federated States of), Marshall Islands, Tonga and other countries have relatively large population, low industrial structure and relatively low per capita GDP.
Table 1-3 Comparison of Per Capita GDP and Urban Population Proportion of Pacific Island Countries in 2018

Source: World Bank, websites of China embassies in various countries, http://zh.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/gdp and other public information.
(D) Independent development has a long way to go.
After the era of great navigation, the Pacific islands were gradually incorporated into the western colonial system. After World War II, it gradually became independent. After World War II, the Pacific island countries became more and more independent, and Western Samoa, Nauru and Fiji became independent successively. With Palau’s independence on October 1, 1994, the United Nations Trusteeship Council also ended its mission. Although many Pacific United Nations Trust Territories have achieved nominal independence, due to their own conditions and historical reasons, the Pacific island countries are weak in self-development, which has been difficult for quite some time after independence. The common problems such as lack of government governance capacity, insufficient national cohesion, insufficient education of residents, and shortage of technical talents are prominent. In addition, they are far from the world market and have a single economic structure, which makes it difficult for Pacific island countries to form a benign self-growth mechanism, and they are still highly dependent on external forces today. For example, in 2017, Micronesia received $167 million in official development assistance, accounting for 48% of its GDP that year; Tonga receives various kinds of material assistance, project assistance and financial support every year, amounting to about 60 million to 70 million US dollars, accounting for about 15% of its GDP. Vanuatu receives about 17% of GDP from foreign aid every year. In 2017, Samoa received a total of $65.52 million in foreign aid, accounting for about 8% of its GDP.
At present, the major donors of Pacific island countries include Australia, China, New Zealand, the United States, Japan, the European Union and other international and regional organizations such as the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank, the Global Fund and the United Nations Development Programme. The main areas of assistance are agriculture, climate change and disaster reduction, education, medical and health care, and government capacity building. In the past decade, the total amount of assistance received by Pacific island countries from major countries (institutions) reached 13.3 billion US dollars, and it showed an increasing trend year by year.
Table 1-4 Assistance of Major Countries (Institutions) to Pacific Island Countries in 2011-2017

Source: Lowy Institute for International Policy, an Australian think tank.
Second, the current economic situation and development opportunities of Pacific island countries
(1) Economic situation
1. The ability to resist risks is low and fluctuates greatly with internal and external factors.
Pacific island countries have small economies, single structure and poor anti-interference ability, which are significantly affected by natural disasters, external situations and even single projects, and their economic development fluctuates greatly. Judging from the impact of natural disasters, in recent years, the number and intensity of tropical cyclones in the Pacific region have increased sharply, and strong earthquakes have occurred frequently, which has caused huge economic losses to Pacific island countries, especially several "big countries" in Melanesia, and directly led to economic fluctuations in the whole region. For example, in 2015, Hurricane Pam hit Vanuatu, and 90% of the houses in the capital Port Vila were damaged by the storm, resulting in losses accounting for 64% of its GDP, and the economic growth rate dropped from 2.3% in the previous year to 0.2%; In 2016, Hurricane Winston, the worst hurricane in the history of the Pacific Ocean, swept through Fiji, causing 130,000 people to be displaced, directly causing Fiji’s economic growth rate to drop from 3.8% in the previous year to 0.7% in that year; In 2018, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred in Papua New Guinea, which caused great damage to the production facilities of major resource projects such as oil and gas industry (accounting for 20.2% of GDP) and gold, and had a strong impact on economic growth. Although post-disaster reconstruction and related activities of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) reduced its impact on the economy to a certain extent, the growth rate dropped to 0.2%; Tonga, located in Polynesia, suffered severe damage to crops, public infrastructure and buildings due to Hurricane Gita, and its economic growth rate in 2018 was only 0.4%.
From the perspective of the external situation, the economic characteristics of the Pacific island countries’ tourism market and export market, which depend heavily on the assistance of foreign forces, make their economies extremely sensitive to the external situation and fluctuate significantly with emergencies. For example, in 2017, Palau Pacific Airlines was forced to suspend all flights to and from Chinese mainland due to the sharp drop in Chinese mainland tourists, which accounted for nearly 50% of the inbound tourists, resulting in a sharp drop in the total number of inbound tourists and a heavy blow to the tourism industry. At the same time, tourism projects from Chinese mainland stopped working, which led to a serious decline in Palau’s economy, and the growth rate in that year dropped to-3.7%; In 2018, due to the continuous weak phosphate export and Australia’s reduction of funding for Nauru Offshore Refugee Center, Nauru’s economy shrank significantly, and its growth rate dropped from 4% in the previous year to -2.4%. In 2019, it continued to maintain negative growth and its growth rate narrowed to -0.5%.
Table 2-1 Economic Growth of Pacific Island Countries (2015-2019 [1])

Source: Asian Development Bank, Pacific Economic Monitor https://www.adb.org/publications/series/Pacific-economic-monitor.
2. The industrial structure is adjusted quickly, and the tertiary industry has sufficient power.
Restricted by geographical conditions and multiple factors such as transportation, resources, capital and technology, the industrial base of Pacific island countries is weak, and the three industrial structures are characterized by "big at both ends and small in the middle", that is, the scale of agriculture and service industry is relatively large, and the manufacturing industry is seriously underdeveloped. Limited by the land and technical conditions, it is difficult to make a big breakthrough in the growth space of agriculture. Therefore, the tertiary industry with tourism as the core has become the main driving force for industrial restructuring and social and economic development in Pacific island countries in recent years.
Judging from the contribution of three industries to GDP growth in recent years, the economic growth of Melanesia four countries mainly benefited from the rapid growth of service industry. For example, in 2018, Papua New Guinea was affected by a strong earthquake, and the oil, gas and mining industries were greatly impacted, which directly led to the secondary industry pulling down GDP by about 1 percentage point. However, thanks to the stimulation of the APEC summit, the tertiary industry pulled up GDP by about 1.1 percentage point, which finally made the economy maintain a positive growth of 0.2 percentage point throughout the year. From 2010 to 2018, the number of tourists in Fiji increased at an average annual rate of 5.5%. At present, tourism revenue has accounted for 1/5 of GDP, which plays an important role in its economic growth. In 2018, Fiji’s annual economic growth was 3 percentage points, of which the tertiary industry contributed 2.4 percentage points and the contribution rate reached 80%; In the same year, Vanuatu’s economy grew by 3.2 percentage points, and the tertiary industry contributed 2.7 percentage points, with a contribution rate of 84%.
Table 2-2 The Pulling of Three Industries to GDP in Melanesia (2018-2019)

Source: Asian Development Bank, Pacific Economic Monitor https://www.adb.org/publications/series/Pacific-economic-monitor.
In addition, the economic growth of island countries such as Cook Islands and Samoa in Polynesia is increasingly dependent on tourism. For example, from 2012 to 2018, the tourism revenue of Cook Islands accounted for an average of 49.6% of GDP; Samoa’s tourism revenue accounted for an average of 18.1% of GDP, rising to 20.6% in 2018, setting a new record.
3. The inflation rate is low and the overall impact is small.
Because there are many Pacific island countries, which are far apart, economically independent and relatively weak, there are significant differences in inflation among countries. But overall, the prices of Pacific island countries have remained stable in recent years. Despite frequent natural disasters and economic contraction, there has been no serious inflation or deflation, which has not had a serious negative impact on people’s livelihood.
In 2018, among the 13 island countries with statistics, the inflation rates of 7 island countries were all below 3%, among which the inflation rates of Cook Islands, Marshall Islands and Micronesia (Federated States of) were below 1%. The countries with relatively high inflation rates are Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Nauru and Samoa. Affected by Hurricane Gita, Tonga’s food prices rose significantly, leading to an inflation rate of 5.3%. Papua New Guinea was mainly affected by the strong earthquake and APEC summit, and the prices of goods and services generally rose. Among them, the price of medical care rose by 9.0%, the price of clothing and shoes rose by 8.3%, and the price of hotels and restaurants rose by 8.2% [2]. However, due to the increase of foreign exchange reserves and the shrinking of money supply, the inflation rate was only 4.5%, compared with the inflation rate of 6.7% caused by El Niñ o in 2016. Fiji is mainly due to the higher tariffs on tobacco and alcohol and the decline in the output of kava wine, which has led to a significant increase in beverages and tobacco, pushing the inflation rate to 4.1%; Nauru’s inflation rate has dropped from 9.8% in 2015 to 3.8% due to economic contraction and low global commodity prices (especially oil prices); In Samoa, the inflation rate rose to 3.7% mainly due to the sharp rise in the prices of domestic and imported commodities such as food and non-alcoholic beverages.
Table 2-3 Inflation in Pacific Island Countries (2018-2019)

Source: Asian Development Bank, Pacific Economic Monitor https://www.adb.org/publications/series/Pacific-economic-monitor.
4. The number of countries with fiscal deficits has surged, and the debt pressure has increased.
Due to the single financial source and the significant impact of economic fluctuations, Pacific island countries generally have high debts and outstanding fiscal deficits, which have caused serious problems to the sustainable development of social economy.
In 2018, the fiscal deficit of Pacific island countries was four, and preliminary statistics in 2019 showed that it had expanded to six. Among them, Kiribati is the most serious, with deficit ratio accounting for 20.1% in 2018 and rising to 23.2% in 2019. The main reason is that the salary expenditure has increased by 33.9%, and the purchase of aircraft by Kiribati Airlines has caused huge financial costs. Fiji’s fiscal deficit ratio in 2018 is 4.3%, which is about twice as much as that in 2017 (2.3%) due to the increase in operating and investment expenditures. At the same time, the proportion of government debt to GDP increased from 46.4% in 2017 to 50.0% in 2018. Although the financial deficit ratio of Papua New Guinea is not high, its foreign debt has been rising in recent years, and it will reach 13.6% of GDP in 2020, which will account for 44.8% of the total central government debt. After several years of expanding deficit, the Solomon Islands government has made great efforts to reduce the fiscal deficit ratio from 3.8% in 2017 to 0.6% in 2018 through a series of measures to increase the export tariff on logs. With the government’s investment in Tina River hydropower project, the fiscal deficit ratio will reach 1.2% in 2019, and it is expected that the fiscal deficit ratio will still expand slightly in 2020. Despite the severe impact of the disaster, Samoa achieved its first fiscal surplus in nine years in 2018 through strict expenditure control and high external grants, but the proportion of foreign currency debt to GDP is still as high as 49.4%.Tuvalu’s fiscal surplus will turn from positive to negative due to the continuous growth of infrastructure expenditure and the sharp decline of fishing income, and a fiscal deficit ratio of 1.1% will appear in 2019. Thanks to the budget support provided by development partners, Tonga achieved a fiscal surplus of 1.4% in 2018, but its foreign debt increased from 39.5% in 2017 to 41.8%.
Table 2-4 Financial Balance of Pacific Island Countries (2018-2019)

Source: Asian Development Bank, Pacific Economic Monitor https://www.adb.org/publications/series/Pacific-economic-monitor.
(B) Development opportunities
1. The global attention and influence of Pacific island countries have increased rapidly.
Pacific island countries live deep in the ocean, mostly in the earthquake-active zone around the Pacific Ocean, with small land area and low altitude. They have been threatened by natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis for a long time, and they are also facing great survival pressure from global warming and rising sea levels. In developing economy and improving people’s livelihood, island countries are also faced with a series of core problems such as fragile ecological environment, weak industrial base and weak national strength. Faced with the dual dilemma of survival and development, the Pacific Ocean has a strong desire to warm up and win the support of the international community. In recent years, Pacific island countries have taken active actions and made great efforts on major issues related to their own survival and development, such as climate change, international cooperation, inclusive growth and sustainable development, using the existing regional cooperation mechanism and the international stage of the United Nations, and their global attention has rapidly increased, creating good conditions for them to carry out international economic and trade cooperation more extensively.
In 2014, Samoa successfully hosted the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States; In 2017, Fiji became the president of the 23rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was the first time that a small island developing state seriously affected by climate change took the chair of the United Nations Climate Conference. In April 2018, the Pacific Islands Forum Economic Ministers’ Meeting was held in Palau, which attracted the extensive participation of institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the resident representative office of the International Monetary Fund, the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center, and private sector organizations in the Pacific Islands [3]; In November 2018, the 26th informal leadership meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was held in the Pacific island countries for the first time. As the only representative of APEC member countries in the Pacific island countries, Papua New Guinea received unprecedented attention from the international community.
2. Extraterritorial powers strengthen cooperation with Pacific island countries.
In recent ten years, with the promotion of the international status of Pacific island countries and the increasingly prominent strategic position of the region, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Japan and other extraterritorial powers have sought more and deeper cooperation with Pacific island countries, which is expected to bring a new round of aid peak to Pacific island countries and stimulate economic growth in a certain period of time.
Australia and New Zealand have always regarded the Pacific island countries as important national interests and their natural "spheres of influence". Maintaining regional influence with high aid is a long-term strategy of Australia and New Zealand towards Pacific island countries. According to the data of Lowy Institute for International Policy, an Australian think tank, between 2011 and 2017, the total aid of Australia and New Zealand to Pacific island countries was US$ 6.59 billion and US$ 1.21 billion respectively, making them the first and third largest donors respectively. Among them, Australia’s aid to Pacific island countries accounts for more than one-fifth of its total foreign aid. In Australia’s 2018 budget plan, the scale of foreign aid is similar to that of previous years, about 4.2 billion Australian dollars (about 3.07 billion US dollars), but the amount of aid to Pacific island countries has increased from 1.1 billion Australian dollars (about 800 million US dollars) in the previous year to 1.3 billion Australian dollars (about 950 million US dollars).
Considering the regional situation of Pacific island countries, the United States has re-strengthened its investment in Pacific island countries in recent years. In November 2018, at the 26th APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting held in port moresby, Papua New Guinea, the United States, Japan, Australia and New Zealand announced that they would invest 1.7 billion US dollars to help Papua New Guinea build power and network equipment. In March 2019, the Center for International Strategic Studies of the United States and the Pacific Island Forum held a dialogue with the theme of "Strengthening the US-Pacific Island Partnership", proposing that the United States and Pacific island countries should conduct trade negotiations, draw up a new round of investment framework agreement (TIFA), and promote the sustainable growth of fisheries and other industries through remote sensing technology, manufacturing technology and other emerging technologies. [4]
Since 1997, Japan has held summit meetings between Japan and Pacific island countries on a regular basis. Up to now, this meeting has been held for eight times, which has become a regular exchange mechanism and channel for Japan and Pacific island countries to conduct diplomatic, aid and trade activities. At the seventh session held in May 2015, Japan indicated that it would provide about 453 million US dollars of assistance to Pacific island countries in the next three years. India, South Korea and other countries have also used international multilateral occasions and established bilateral cooperation and dialogue mechanisms to strengthen communication with Pacific island countries. For example, in August 2015, the second "India-Pacific Island Countries Forum" was held in Jaipur, a city in northern India. Leaders or representatives of 14 island countries participated in the meeting, and India and Pacific island countries reached numerous cooperation and assistance agreements.
3. "One Belt, One Road" builds a new platform for Pacific island countries to integrate into the world
At present, a new round of globalization with emerging market economies as the main driving force is sweeping the world. Especially after China put forward the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, economic globalization is expected to gradually advance from the marine economic globalization that rose in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean in the past 400 years to such an unprecedented all-round economic globalization in human history. In addition, social informatization represented by networking, digitalization and intelligence has appeared worldwide, which makes the development momentum of the new round of economic globalization stronger [5]. Due to their special geographical location and historical and cultural background, Pacific island countries have not really integrated into the global social and economic development system under the waves of globalization led by the West, and have embarked on an independent development path. It is urgent to seize the great opportunity of the new round of globalization, accelerate the establishment of an independent modern economic system and regional governance system, and successfully embark on the road of sustainable development.
In recent years, under the impetus of the "Belt and Road Initiative", China and Pacific island countries have continuously made new breakthroughs in cooperation in infrastructure, economy and trade, investment, tourism and education, helping Pacific island countries to play an important role in improving infrastructure, cultivating modern industries, increasing local employment, expanding export to earn foreign exchange and promoting personnel training. By the end of 2018, China’s direct investment in island countries was about 3.25 billion US dollars, involving mining, agriculture, fisheries, wholesale and retail, etc., with a total project contract value of 14.87 billion US dollars and a turnover of 10.6 billion US dollars, involving construction, roads, airports, water conservancy, telecommunications and other fields [6], creating about 15,000 jobs for Pacific island countries [7]. In 2018, the trade volume between China and Pacific island countries reached US$ 8.66 billion, up 5.6% year-on-year, of which China imported US$ 4.68 billion from Pacific island countries, exceeding China’s exports to Pacific island countries (US$ 3.98 billion). [8] In 2019, the holding of the second Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum, the China-Pacific Island Countries Tourism Year and the third China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development Cooperation Forum will better promote Pacific island countries to take the China Development Express, integrate into the world economic network and share the new round of globalization development dividends.
Third, the economic development prospects and countermeasures of Pacific island countries
(A) Prospects
1. The overall economic development is improving, and the annual fluctuation will continue.
At present, attracting foreign investment to promote domestic infrastructure construction and industrial project development has gradually become the consensus of Pacific island countries. For example, in recent years, Papua New Guinea has promoted a series of infrastructure projects in accordance with the development strategic plans such as the Papua New Guinea Development Strategic Plan 2010-2030 and the Vision Plan 2050. Many major resource projects such as the natural gas expansion project and the Wa fiegel Putong gold mine project will become important engines to promote economic growth in the medium and long term. Fiji plans to invest 1.5 billion Fiji dollars in 10 years from 2017, and encourages private enterprises and foreign enterprises to participate in the investment and vigorously develop an energy system with hydropower as the mainstay, supplemented by solar energy and other clean energy sources, so as to enhance energy security capacity and promote economic development. At the same time, Fiji regards tourism as the "main driving force" of the future national economic development, and has formulated the "Fiji Tourism Plan 2021", aiming to attract more overseas tourists and increase tourism income by strengthening tourism infrastructure, industry integration and coordination, and protecting the ecological environment.
With the accumulation of investment, the improvement of infrastructure and the development of major projects, the development potential of Pacific island countries is gradually being released, and the overall trend of economic development is further guaranteed. However, due to congenital reasons such as small economic scale, simple structure and frequent disasters, the nature of economic fragility in Pacific island countries is difficult to change for a long time. And as the economic development is more and more closely related to external conditions such as global commodity prices, external investment and export markets, the annual fluctuation of the overall economy of Pacific island countries will continue, but the fluctuation range is expected to gradually slow down with the expansion of economic scale and the enhancement of resilience.
2. Diversified foreign cooperation has great potential for cooperation with emerging markets.
Being far away from the center of human social and economic activities in the world, strengthening economic and trade ties with foreign powers is an important channel for Pacific island countries to integrate into the world economic network. At the same time, however, historical experience has also made Pacific island countries generally realize that excessive dependence on external forces is an important reason why Pacific island countries have not yet formed a healthy economic, social and political self-growth system. Therefore, it is an important strategy for Pacific island countries to make up for the weakness of strength comparison between Pacific island countries and big countries by "great power balance diplomacy", which is also the basis for foreign powers to enter Pacific island countries one after another.
In recent years, the Pacific island countries’ desire for independent development and joint self-improvement has been increasing, not only for new aid, but also for strategic partners who can help them realize their sustainable development aspirations. Based on this, the traditional power pattern of Pacific island countries is changing [10], and emerging markets represented by China have become a new important support for Pacific island countries to carry out international cooperation. In terms of aid, according to the data of Lowy Institute for International Policy, an Australian think tank, China’s aid to Pacific island countries reached US$ 1.22 billion from 2011 to 2017, surpassing New Zealand and becoming the second largest aid country after Australia. In the meantime, aid from Australia and New Zealand decreased by 60% and 85% respectively. In terms of economic and trade cooperation, under the unfavorable situation of slowing global trade growth, bilateral trade has continuously made new progress. At present, China has become the largest trading partner and export market of Solomon Islands, the second largest trading partner of Papua New Guinea and Fiji, and the third largest trading partner of Samoa. [11] China and Taiping and other mutually beneficial friendly cooperation have made important contributions to supporting and helping Pacific island countries to develop their economies, reduce poverty and improve people’s livelihood. The two sides have obvious complementary advantages, and there is still great room for future cooperation.
3. Shortcomings and risks are still outstanding, and the ability of sustainable development needs to be improved.
The shortcomings and risks of Pacific island countries, such as weak infrastructure, low level of public services, imbalance between supply and demand of human resources, fragile ecological environment, low governance capacity and high debt, are still outstanding, and it is difficult to be significantly improved in a long period of time, which will greatly restrict the space for economic growth and the sustainability of growth.
For example, in terms of supply and demand of human resources, in most Pacific island countries, well-educated workers are employed overseas, and a large part of the working-age population continues to engage in informal market activities for a living, with little dependence on the formal job market. At the same time, women’s participation in the labor force is generally lower than that of men. This labor market situation persists, and the number of unemployed and semi-unemployed people in Pacific island countries may increase sharply in the next few decades [12], which will cause serious problems to the sustained economic development of Pacific island countries. In terms of ecological environment protection, although Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other countries have achieved relatively high economic growth rates in recent years, the continuous exploitation of mineral resources and logging are considered to be great damage to the ecological environment and sustainable development of island countries, which has attracted great attention from the international community. Take Solomon Islands as an example. In 2017, the log export volume of Solomon Islands exceeded 3 million cubic meters, nearly 20 times of its annual sustainable logging volume, which will directly affect the sustainable development of the whole country. In terms of governance capacity, most basic services in Pacific island countries are provided by state-owned enterprises, and the high operating costs and weak governance capacity of state-owned enterprises threaten the sustainability of most public assets and infrastructure managed by state-owned enterprises, which in turn transmits and affects the sustained economic development.
(2) Countermeasures and suggestions
1. Improve the infrastructure support system and improve the regional investment environment.
First, strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure. On the one hand, give priority to the construction of major projects that are conducive to the development of economy, trade and tourism, promote the expansion and upgrading of airports in an orderly manner according to market demand, and increase routes and flights for major markets. At the same time, actively promote the construction of regional passenger ports, cruise ships and yacht routes, enhance water transportation capacity, and accelerate the construction of a more convenient and smooth external transportation network pattern; On the other hand, around the major production projects and people’s livelihood projects in key cities or regions of Pacific island countries, infrastructure construction plans and project reserves will be compiled as soon as possible, and infrastructure construction such as roads and bridges will be increased to improve the convenience, reliability and safety of transportation infrastructure.
The second is to improve the information infrastructure network. Actively seek cooperation with the world’s leading telecom network operators, relying on the mature operation mode of large enterprises, the vast global network layout and rich experience in the construction of large-scale communication facilities to promote the information interconnection plan in the Pacific region. Support qualified countries to build data centers and cloud computing centers in Pacific island countries, promote the construction of ICT (Information Communications Technology) hubs in Pacific island countries, provide information technology support for social and economic development and natural disaster prevention in Pacific island countries, and promote the development of digital economy in Pacific island countries while improving the soft investment environment.
The third is to build a renewable energy security system. Give full play to the advantages of energy resources in Pacific island countries, actively introduce international advanced energy technology and capital according to local conditions, jointly promote the construction of a "multi-energy combination" carbon-free energy system such as wind power, photovoltaic, micro-hydropower, wave energy, tidal energy and energy storage, gradually establish a standard system for carbon-free energy islands, explore and promote a self-sufficient net zero-carbon energy supply model on the island, so as to promote the energy transformation of the island countries, ensure energy supply, and enhance the investment attraction of major industrial projects, and then
The fourth is to strengthen the infrastructure construction of disaster prevention and mitigation. Actively seek international assistance to speed up the establishment of multi-hazard, standardized and integrated natural disaster risk early warning business. Strengthen the construction of disaster service distribution channels, and use TV, Internet, mobile phones and other means to achieve full coverage of regional people. Support Pacific island countries to build hurricane monitoring and early warning centers, strengthen regional numerical forecasting capacity building, improve the calculation accuracy and stability of the model, and enhance the ability to predict abnormal hurricane paths. Support the establishment of regional natural disaster reduction data centers and emergency rescue bases in Pacific island countries, and improve the ability to obtain, share, analyze and judge disaster information and deal with major disasters in a timely manner.
2. Cultivate modern industrial system and enhance the ability of sustainable development.
First, give priority to supporting the high-level development of tourism. Pacific island countries are encouraged to build a world-class island tourism destination, and jointly launch a number of characteristic islands with unique resources, convenient transportation and appropriate scale for international auction of island use rights, and international enterprises with conditions are encouraged to invest in tourism in the form of sole proprietorship or joint venture with local enterprises of island countries. Adhere to the coordinated development of protection and development, and carry out all-round cooperation in the development of tourist routes, the construction of tourist facilities, the operation and management of tourism enterprises and the training of tourism professionals in accordance with the principle of "one island, one policy", so as to form a full-chain tourism cooperative development model integrating pre-project planning and design, medium-term investment and construction (including infrastructure such as road traffic, ecological landscape and hotels) and post-operation management (such as the development of tourism market, the operation of routes and the planning of tourist routes).
The second is to accelerate the upgrading and development of fisheries. Strengthen the scientific management of fishery resources and actively promote the integrated development of fishery "fishing+aquaculture". On the one hand, relying on the resource conditions of Pacific island countries, we will actively introduce technology, equipment and funds from China and other countries in factory farming, improve insurance and related supporting policies, and support fishery enterprises to build fishery breeding bases; On the other hand, support leading fishery enterprises to plan and build a number of multi-functional comprehensive offshore fishery service bases integrating production bases, cold storage processing bases, offshore fishing boat replenishment bases and service guarantee platforms in Pacific island countries, providing fishery enterprises with all-round services such as catch distribution, deep processing of catches, cold chain logistics, ship leasing and maintenance, comprehensively enhancing the added value of Pacific fishery economy and increasing tax revenue of island countries.
Third, actively promote the development of high-tech agriculture. Actively introduce foreign leading agricultural enterprises and agricultural scientific research institutions, and build agricultural cooperation experimental zones or agricultural cooperation demonstration zones on the basis of consolidating and deepening cooperation in grain breeding, planting and deep processing. Support Papua New Guinea and other countries to carry out comprehensive agricultural development, set up agricultural production bases, actively develop agricultural products storage and logistics, establish agricultural products production and processing parks and agricultural products production, marketing, processing, storage and transportation bases, and build a comprehensive agricultural demonstration park integrating planting, breeding, deep processing, inspection and quarantine, import and export licensing and independent customs declaration, so as to improve the comprehensive benefits of agricultural economy.
Fourth, vigorously expand the development space of marine economy. Strive to incorporate the exploration of ocean mineral resources in Pacific island countries into international aid cooperation plans, actively use international preferential loans, set up aid exploration projects, gradually promote resource exploration, development, processing, trading, storage, transportation and supporting terminal construction, and promote the industrialization of deep-sea mining. Introduce international leading biomedical enterprises, strengthen the research on functional active substances of marine organisms, develop high value-added marine biological nutrients, functional foods, health care products and new nutritional sources, carry out research and development and production of marine medical materials and wound repair products, and promote the industrial development of marine biomedicine.
3, strengthen international education and training cooperation, strengthen the professional talent reserve.
First, actively introduce high-quality educational resources. Actively promote higher education cooperation with foreign powers, and strive for donor countries to support interested universities to help island countries cultivate high-end talents by setting up branch schools in Pacific island countries or cooperating with outstanding universities in island countries. Support colleges and universities to carry out educational reform, ensure that colleges and universities have more autonomy in running schools, and have the right to choose in teaching curriculum and planning, and adjust training settings, curriculum selection and enrollment in time according to the needs of island countries, so as to customize and train all kinds of professionals for Pacific island countries and do a good job in supporting long-term development of talent reserves.
The second is to build a multi-level professional skills training platform. Learn from the experience of the International Vocational Education Platform (IVEP), support Pacific island countries to jointly build a professional labor training and technical training platform for the local market, and regularly carry out activities such as interactive exchange of talents and intelligence, observation and training of innovative and entrepreneurial platforms, so as to provide short-term employment and training for young people and women. At the same time, actively hold labor and technical training competitions to promote technical exchanges and meet the market demand for various technical talents in the short term.
4. Increase financial risk control measures to avoid economic fluctuations.
First, continue to implement the open and cooperative development mode of major investment projects. Because of the large investment and long recovery period of energy and mineral projects, their potential risks will also increase. It is undoubtedly a feasible strategy to minimize the potential risks by introducing multinational cooperative development and sharing losses. For example, Papua New Guinea’s natural gas expansion project and Wa fiegel Pu copper and gold mine project all cost billions of dollars. Opening up through multi-party cooperation can effectively reduce the direct investment of the domestic government, avoid pushing up the debt pressure, and rationally disperse potential economic risks.
Second, actively promote state-owned enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency. The high operating costs of state-owned enterprises in Pacific island countries, especially Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu, have become a serious threat to their financial sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the assessment and supervision of the financial performance of state-owned enterprises, including adopting a more transparent method for the annual financial transfer of state-owned enterprises, reducing their dependence on subsidies and continuous social security transfer, etc., so as to promote state-owned enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency and reduce their financial drag on Pacific island countries.
The third is to optimize the tax structure in a reasonable and compliant manner and expand fiscal revenue. Adapt to the characteristics of the new stage of social and economic development, rationally optimize the tax structure, expand fiscal revenue, and ease the fiscal deficit. For example, in 2018, Solomon Islands officially increased its tax revenue by more than one-fifth compared with 2017 by raising the export tariff on logs. At the same time, the amendment to the Commodity Tax Law was promulgated, which increased the consumption tax on alcohol and tobacco, thus bringing a larger space for fiscal revenue, and finally achieving the reduction of fiscal deficit ratio from 3.8% in 2017 to 0.6% in 2018.
//This article is contained in the Blue Book of Pacific Island Development Report (2020) published by the Pacific Island Research Center of Liaocheng University.






The spiritual home of scholars
A lifetime of reading and thinking.
A lifelong pursuit of wisdom
Life must-read books Top100
Literature
No.1 《hundred yearslonely》
Garcia ·Marquez (with)
"One Hundred Years of Solitude" describes the legendary story of seven generations of Buendia family and the century-long rise and fall of Macondo, a small town on the Caribbean coast, reflecting the changeable history of Latin America in the past century. The works are mixed with mysterious factors such as myths and legends, folk stories, religious allusions, etc., skillfully blending reality and illusion, showing a magnificent imaginary world, and becoming one of the most important classic literary masterpieces in the 20th century.
NO.2 "Living"
Yu Hua (with)
The landlord’s young master, rich and addicted to gambling, finally gambled away all his possessions. Rich and poor went to seek medical treatment because his mother was ill. Unexpectedly, he was caught by the Kuomintang troops on the way and was captured by the People’s Liberation Army. When he returned to his hometown, he realized that his mother had died, and his wife, Jane, had brought up a pair of children, but his daughter unfortunately became deaf and dumb, and his son was clever and lively …
NO.3 The Old Man and the Sea
Ernest ·Hemingway (with)
This book tells the story of a fisherman. Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman, finally caught a marlin by himself after failing to catch any fish for 84 days in a row, but the fish was so big that he dragged his boat on the sea for three days and was exhausted. He killed it and tied it to one side of the boat. On the way home, he was attacked by another shark, and finally returned to Hong Kong with only a fish head and tail and a spine. In the days when old San Diego went to sea, his friends who had forgotten the year had been waiting loyally at the seaside, welcoming his return with confidence.
NO.4 "Words on Earth"
Wang Guowei (with)
The book "Ci Hua on Earth" is a brand-new comment on China’s old literature after Wang accepted the baptism of western aesthetic thought, which is of epoch-making significance and has always been highly valued by academic circles. Huang Lin, a famous expert today, is invited to read the book, which not only sorts out its theoretical framework and highlights its essence, but also focuses on its academic origin, historical and cultural background, and the author’s specific situation and mentality at that time, thus helping readers understand the original work accurately and highlighting the academic personality of Wang Guowei, a master of Ci.
No.5 "300 Tang poems"》
Gu Qing (ed.)
Three hundred Tang Poems is a widely circulated anthology of Tang poems. The range of selected poems is quite broad, and most of the selected poems are representative and relatively simple, which is easy for readers to accept.
NO.6 "Scream"
Lu Xun (with)
Scream is a collection of short stories written by Lu Xun from 1918 to 1922, including 14 works, such as Diary of a Madman, Kong Yiji, Medicine, Tomorrow, A Little Thing and The Story of Hair. At that time, the spirit of the May 4th Revolution was high. The author’s novels are intended to describe "the unfortunate people in a sick society", "expose the suffering and attract the attention of treatment" and "shout" for the New Culture Movement.
NO.7 The Story of the Sahara
Sanmao (with)
The Story of Sahara is the most popular among Sanmao’s works. The vastness of Sahara and desert is as mysterious as its name, giving people unlimited imagination. The love between San Mao and Jose is here, and the beautiful life blooms in the lonely desert.
No.8 The Complete Works of Haizi’s Poems》
Haizi (with)
The Complete Works of Haizi’s Poems contains all the literary works discovered so far. Haizi’s lyric short poems, long poems and dramas, poetic outlines, diary novels and other genre works are included.
NO.9 "Three-body"》
Liu Cixin (with)
An ideological experiment on history and reality. Expose the human soul to the cold starry sky. The distant world is like a dream. But like a mirror. Reflect human beings more profoundly. A science fiction novel that is more real than reality and more ethereal than myth.
No.10 《1984》
George ·Orwell (with)
1984 is an outstanding political fable novel and a fantasy novel. The work depicts the living state of human beings in a totalitarian society, and there is a warning label that never fades, warning the world to guard against the expected darkness becoming a reality. After decades, its vitality has become increasingly powerful, and it is known as one of the most far-reaching literary classics in the 20th century.
No.11 Pride and prejudice
simple ·Austin (with)
Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen’s masterpiece and a classic novel about love and marriage. Based on the love entanglement between the hero and heroine Darcy and Elizabeth due to arrogance and prejudice, the work has written four marriages.
No.12 the legend of the condor heroes
Jin Yong (with)
Jin Yong’s martial arts novels contain charming cultural atmosphere, rich historical knowledge and profound national spirit.
NO.13 The Three of Us
Yang Jiang (with)
The Three of us is a memoir of family life written by Yang Jiang, the wife of Qian Zhongshu. In 1998, Qian Zhongshu died, and he and Yang Jiang’s only daughter, yuan qian, had died before them (in 1997). Four years after his life partner left, at the age of 92, Yang Jiang carefully described the ups and downs of their special family for 63 years, forming a memoir "The Three of us".
NO.14 "Walking at Night"
Keigo Higashino (with)
"I just wish I could walk hand in hand in the sun", which symbolizes the desperate idea at the core of the story, is like a beautiful cover. With countless messy, depressed and sad story fragments, it is restored like a documentary: there is no infatuation, no seas run dry and rocks crumble, only a cold and desperate trick is left, and the last trace of warmth is completely abandoned. Thousands of readers are moved by a sad love that redeems sin ..
NO.15 "Love in the City"
Zhang Ailing (with)
Love in the City is Zhang Ailing’s famous work and masterpiece. Bai Liusu and Fan Liuyuan, a pair of vulgar men and women, were thrown together by fate in the chaos of war, and realized the "a little sincerity" between "an ordinary couple" in an instant.
NO.16 Gone with the Wind
Margarita/ Margaret ·Mitchell (with)
Gone with the Wind is the famous work of Margaret, an American woman writer, which writes the most glorious page in the history of American literature. The work tells the tortuous and sad marriage story of the protagonist Scarlett during the American Civil War.
NO.17 The Complete Works of Sherlock Holmes
Arthur Conan Doyle (by)
Strange plot, suspense, the smartest detective in the world, and the most secretive case in the world, Holmes not only makes criminals have nowhere to hide, but also makes your brain cells stir enthusiastically.
NO.18 The Count of Monte Cristo
Dumas (with)
Based on the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty in France, the novel describes a story of repaying kindness and revenge. Tang Taisi, the first mate of Pharaoh, was entrusted by the captain at the end of his life to send a letter to Napoleon. He was framed by two little people who were jealous of him and was put on death row. Father Faria, a cellmate, taught him all kinds of knowledge and told him the secrets of a batch of treasures before he died. After he managed to escape from prison, he found the treasure and became a millionaire. From then on, he assumed the pseudonym of Count of Monte Cristo, and after careful planning, he repaid his benefactor and punished three enemies who wanted to kill him.
NO.19 Border Town
Shen Congwen (with)
Border Town is Shen Congwen’s masterpiece, which shows readers the harmonious life form of Xiangxi world. The novel describes the tortuous love between Tianbao and Nuo, the two sons of the Shancheng Tea Cave Wharf Group, and Cui Cui, the granddaughter of the ferryman. Castle peak, green water, the old ferryman by the river, the 16-year-old Cui Cui, the natural forest protection on the river raft, and the vigorous Nuo in the dragon boat …
NO.20 How to Read a Book
Mortimer J. Ejdero/Charles Van Doren (with)
People who don’t know how to read, people who are trying to read, can read this book less wrongly. Those who have some experience in reading can have a deeper confirmation and understanding by reading this book.
NO.21 Sophie’s World
Jostein gaarder (with)
In the form of a novel, this book reveals the development of western philosophy through the process of a philosophy tutor imparting philosophical knowledge to a girl named Sophie. From the pre-Socratic era to Sartre, as well as the thoughts of Aristotle, Descartes, Hegel and others, all come to the page through the author’s vivid brushstrokes, and are explained with the historical background at that time, which is fascinating. Critics believe that this book is the most suitable introductory book for those who have never read philosophy courses, and it can also play a role in refreshing the old knowledge for those who have read some philosophies before and forgotten them completely.
NO.22 Ordinary World
Lu Yao (with)
This is a novel that shows the contemporary urban and rural social life in China in a panoramic way. The book consists of three parts. In the past ten years, the author has portrayed the images of many ordinary people from all walks of life through complex contradictions and entanglements. Labor and love, frustration and pursuit, pain and joy, daily life and huge social conflicts are intricately intertwined, which profoundly shows the difficult and tortuous road that ordinary people have taken in the historical process of the great era.
NO.23 Red Sorghum
Mo Yan (with)
In the history of modern literature movement in China, the appearance of Red Sorghum has profound significance of aesthetic transformation. The author replaces "being present personally" with "fictional narration", subverts "hero worship" with "debauchery and wealth", challenges "old dreams and new knowledge" with "soul redemption", and declares the historical end of the legendary myth of revolutionary heroes with strong artistic rationality.
NO.24 The Catcher in the Rye
J.D. Salinger (by)
The Catcher in the Rye is an epic of youth. The declaration of resistance to the adult world has allowed teenagers’ questions, doubts and escapes to be recognized and vented, which has influenced generations of young people.
NO.25 The Moon and Sixpence
William Somerset Mao Mu (with)
The book tells the story of the protagonist who was a securities broker. After middle age, he suddenly responded to his inner call and abandoned everything to live with the aborigines in Tahiti in the South Pacific. He was inspired and created many artistic masterpieces. In his novels, Mao Mu deeply discusses the contradiction and interaction between life and art.
NO.26 the dust settles
Alai (with)
A prominent Tibetan toast in Kangba gave birth to a foolish son with his wife of Han nationality after drinking. This fool, recognized by everyone, is incompatible with real life, but he has a premonition and behavior beyond the times and has become a witness to the rise and fall of the toast system. The story of the novel is wonderful, tortuous and moving. With passionate pen and ink and detached eyes, it shows the rich national customs and the romantic mystery of the toast system.
No.27 Interpretation of the Book of Songs
Cheng Junying (ed.)
Annotation of the Book of Songs is a complete translation of the Book of Songs. Each poem has an explanation, clarifying the background and the theme of the poem. Annotations are comprehensive, concise and accurate. On the basis of faithfulness and expressiveness, the translation strives for elegance, and all the folk songs are translated into ancient folk songs, and each sentence is translated in pairs, which is convenient for readers to compare with each other. It is an indispensable basic reader for today’s classical literature lovers.
No.28 "Watching"
Long Yingtai (with)
A very affectionate and touching anthology. From father’s death, mother’s aging, son’s departure, friends’ concern, and brothers’ hand in hand, write about failure and fragility, loss and letting go, and write about lingering and utter nothingness.
NO.29 "Memoirs of Literature"
Mu Xin (dictation)/Chen Danqing (transcript)
Mu Xin’s literary memories, Chen Danqing’s five-year lecture notes —— From 1989 to 1994, Mu Xin gave a lecture on "the history of world literature" for a small group of China artists in new york, and was impressed by the "literary expedition" for five years, but later he didn’t mention the publication. A large number of wonderful literary insights of Mu Xin, together with witty remarks that digress from the subject, are all presented in the transcript. After reading it, you must be in the door of world literature, not outside.
NO.30 Me and Ditan
Shi Tiesheng (with)
Ditan is just a carrier, but the essence of the article is a desperate person’s process of seeking hope and missing his mother.
NO.31 Les Miserables
Victor hugo (with)
With outstanding artistic charm, the book shows a splendid picture of modern French social life and political life from the French Revolution in 1793 to the People’s Uprising in Paris in 1832, which embodies Hugo’s extraordinary talent in narrative to the greatest extent and is a model of combining realism and romanticism in the history of world literature.
No.32 Norwegian forest
Haruki Murakami (with)
This is a touching, gentle Shu Ya, slightly sentimental love novel. Watanabe, the hero of the novel, unfolds his love entanglement with two girls in the first person.
No.33 unbearable lightness of life
Milan Kundera (with)
The novel describes the love life between Thomas, Teresa and Salina. However, it is not a love triangle story between a man and two women, but a philosophical novel. Starting from the discussion of "eternal reincarnation", the novel brings readers into thinking about a series of issues, such as lightness and heaviness, spirit and flesh.
NO.34 Four Great Classical Novels: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, The Journey to the West, A Dream of Red Mansions.
Cao Xueqin, Wu Cheng’en, Shi Naian, Luo Guanzhong (with)
The status of these four masterpieces in China’s literary history is inseparable, and they all have high literary level and artistic achievements. The detailed descriptions and profound thoughts contained in them are praised by readers of all ages, and the stories, scenes and characters in them have deeply influenced Chinese’s ideological concepts and value orientation.
NO.35 Fortress Besieged
Qian Zhongshu (with)
The novel created a group image of a class of intellectuals at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, vividly reflecting the behavior and confusion of special people in a specific period of the country. It describes the scene and atmosphere at that time from another angle. Although it has a specific historical background, this novel only reveals the weaknesses of the crowd, and it can still resonate with people today.
No.36 teahouse
Lao She (with)
Teahouse is set in a big teahouse in Beijing, which describes the life style of Beijing in three historical periods: the late Qing Dynasty, the early Republic of China and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and profoundly writes the true fate of Wang Lifa and others.
No.37 White Deer Plain
Chen Zhongshi (with)
Taking Bailu Village, which is known as "Renyi Village" in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province as the background, it reflects the feud between the two families, Bai and Lu, for three generations. The book contains profound national historical connotation, shocking realism and heavy epic style.
No.38 Lord of the Rings
J.R.R Tolkien (with)
The supreme Lord of the Rings has the power to control the precepts and enslave the world. The dark Lord Sauron has been searching for it for a long time. In order to protect his home, the heir of the Lord of the Rings, Frodo, resolutely left the quiet and simple Shire and embarked on an uncertain journey. He was accompanied by wise wizards, brave humans, good spirits, determined dwarves and peace-loving Hobbits. The journey witnessed courage and friendship.
Social sciences
NO.39 The Analects of Confucius
Zhonghua Book Company (ed.)
This book is an important classic of ancient Confucianism in China, and it is a record of Confucius’ words and deeds by his disciples and their disciples. This book is finally scheduled for the early Warring States period. Because of its popularity, it is difficult to determine the specific author, but it reflects Confucius’ thoughts intensively.
NO.40 "Glory and Dream"
William ·Manchester (with)
This book is a dynastic history of the United States, sketching a panoramic picture of American politics, economy, culture and social life during the forty years from before and after President Roosevelt took office in 1932 to the Watergate Incident during President Nixon’s term in 1972.
NO.41 Global History: From Prehistoric History to 21st Century
L.S. Stavri Anoos (with)
It mainly tells the evolution of world history, the development of world civilization and its influence on modern society. The author focuses on the whole world, focusing on those influential historical events that promote historical development, including the primitive society, the ancient civilization of Eurasia and the primitive civilization of Eurasia.
NO.42 "selfish genes"
Richard ·Dawkins (with)
Dawkins’ breakthrough contribution in The Selfish Gene is that it is the first time to introduce this important part of social theory based on natural selection to everyone in a concise and popular form and interesting language. He astonishes the world by proposing in The Selfish Gene: We are born selfish.
NO.43 "Crossing the South and Returning to the North"
Yue Nan (with)
The first epic masterpiece that comprehensively reproduces the fate changes of the last batch of masters in China in the 20th century. It tells the story of a large number of intellectuals who braved the fire of the Anti-Japanese War to move from the Central Plains to the southwest and then return to the Central Plains in the last century.
NO.44 A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy
Feng Youlan (with)
It can be said that this book is the first choice for understanding China’s philosophy. From 1946 to 1947, Mr. Feng Youlan was employed as a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States to teach the history of China’s philosophy, and his English lecture notes were compiled into this book.
NO.45 Fifteen Years of Wanli
Huang Renyu (with)
The 15th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, that is, 1587 AD, was originally an extremely ordinary year in the history of China. Focusing on the historical events around that year and the people living in that era, the author sorts out the problems existing in the traditional social management in China, and on this basis, explores the experiences and lessons that modern China should learn.
NO.46 "Social Contract Theory"
Rousseau (with)
On Social Contract is a work of political philosophy. It discusses the principle of political rights, and its main purpose is to lay a theoretical foundation for the establishment of people’s democratic sovereignty. Its appearance is the need of the times and the product of the progress of human society; It correctly answers the question raised by the historical process: where is the ship of French destiny sailing?
No.47 《 the chrysanthemum and the sword》
Ruth benedict (with)
Chrysanthemum and Knife starts from the strict hierarchical system of the Japanese, and makes a profound analysis of the Japanese nationality from the aspects of behavior habits, cultural concepts, moral world, human attitudes, self-cultivation and children’s education, from which we can interpret various cultural patterns formed by the Japanese nation over a long period of time, including the pressure to repay kindness, the choice between justice and freedom, the hedonistic view of human feelings and the cultivation method of self-abuse, and other traditions of children’s education.
NO.48 Out of Control
Kevin kelly (with)
Out of Control covers astronomy, chemistry, biology, computers, cybernetics, operational research, sociology … At the same time, it is comparable to the Oracle in The Matrix, and the emerging "cloud computing" and "Internet of Things" can all be found in this book written 15 years ago.
NO.49 The Big Question: An Introduction to Concise Philosophy
Robert Solomon (with)
This is an introductory reading of philosophy, and can also be used as a teaching material or reference book for the course of introduction to philosophy for undergraduate students. Its greatest advantage is that it is vivid and attractive, especially to attract the attention of non-professionals.
NO.50 "Mob: A Study of Popular Psychology"
Gustav ·Le Pen (with)
In his book, Gustave Le Bon described the collective mentality exquisitely, which had a great influence on people’s understanding of the role of collective behavior and their thinking on social psychology.
NO.51 The Art of War by Sun Tzu》
Sun Wu (with) Chen Xi (translation)
Thirteen articles of The Art of War, involving all aspects of military theory and practice, are profound in content, profound in thought and rigorous in logic. They are not only treasures in the ancient military cultural heritage of our country, but also an important part of our excellent traditional culture.
NO.52 Guns, germs and steel: the fate of human society
Jared diamond (with)
This book is a great progress in understanding the development history of human society. It records the causes of the modern world and its many inequalities. It is also a true history of all nationalities in the world and a complete and consistent narrative of human life. It is very readable.
NO.53 "Political Gains and Losses of China in Past Dynasties"
Qian Mu (with)
China’s Political Gains and Losses in Past Dynasties is a collection of the author’s special speeches, which gives an overview and comparison of various political systems in China in the five dynasties of Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing, such as government organization, official authority, examination and supervision, financial taxation, military service obligations, etc., and describes the evolution of reform, referring to the gains and losses of Chen. It not only sums up the essence of China’s history and politics, but also points out the misunderstandings of modern Chinese people about traditional culture and spirit.
No.54 "Tolerance"
Fang Long (with)
Tolerance is an enlightenment classic that replaced ignorance and paranoia with rationality and tolerance, and has influenced China since the reform and opening up. Its main contents include ignorant tyranny, imprisonment, religious reform and so on.
No.55 "Family heirloom"
Yao Renxiang (with)
It can be regarded as a master of Chinese culture and the wisdom of oriental life, especially in the aspects of China’s human relations, food, clothing, housing and transportation. It is both instructive and dazzling, interesting and operable, and it is enough to become a family heirloom experience that has been attacked from generation to generation.
No.56 "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty"
The bright moon of the year (I)
This book tells something about the Ming Dynasty during the 300 years from 1344 to 1644. Based on historical materials, it takes the time and specific figures as the main line, and adds the brushwork of novels to show the fate of the 17th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty and other princes, dignitaries and small people in a panoramic way, especially the officialdom politics, wars and emperors’ minds, and adds the romance of the political and economic system and ethics at that time.
NO.57 "Worry in the Deep History: A Close Look at America"
Linda (with)
The author tells stories in American real life in the form of letters. It vividly introduces the ideological principles, establishment and development process, operation mode, historical value and the price paid and to be paid for the implementation of this system in the United States.
NO.58 History of China in Cambridge
Denis Twitchett (with) Michael Loewe (ed.)
The History of China in Cambridge is a history of China written entirely by western scholars. It follows the rigorous style that western sinology studies have always adhered to, widely quotes documents and materials, and pays attention to the identification and textual research of documents. Due to the historical and cultural differences between the East and the West, the book puts forward new viewpoints and doubts on many historical issues, and perhaps some problems have long been taken for granted and never considered.
NO.59 History of Western Philosophy
Russell (with)
The History of Western Philosophy is an academic masterpiece with great influence in the global intellectual circles. Since it was introduced to China in the early 1960s, it has had a general influence among intellectuals, and many people have burned incense and read quietly. Think of it as a necessary philosophical reading for your desk.
NO.60 "Cultural Journey"
Yu(with)
Cultural Journey is the first collection of Yu Qiuyu’s essays. The collected works mainly include two parts: one is historical and cultural essays, which are scattered and discussed to explore culture; The other part is reminiscence prose.
Economic management inspirational class
No.61 Seven Habits of Highly Effective People
Stephen Covey (with)
Select the core ideas and methods of Dr. Covey’s "Seven Habits" to bring super-value self-improvement experience to busy people. Use the least time to understand the road to sustainable success of high-performance people.
NO.62 Principles of Economics
Gregory Man Kun (with)
The biggest feature of this book is its "student orientation". Compared with other similar textbooks, this book emphasizes more on the application of economic principles and policy analysis than formal economic models. It is a good choice for beginners of economics.
NO.63 McKinsey’s 40-year Classic Training Textbook: The Golden Pagoda Principle
Barbara ·Minto (with)
Help you master how to think, communicate, manage subordinates and solve problems with the golden pyramid principle; Improve logic and organization; Master the action of expressing norms; Accurate and efficient communication, good effect and high efficiency.
No.64 "The Road Few People Walk"
Scott Peck (with)
This book reveals the meaning of communication and understanding everywhere. It transcends the limitations of the times, helps us explore the essence of love and leads us to live a brand-new, quiet and rich life. It helps us learn love and independence; It teaches us to be more competent and understanding parents. In the final analysis, it tells us how to find our true self.
No.65 "step forward"
Cheryl Sandberg (by)
Deeply analyzed the root causes of inequality between men and women, and solved the password of women’s success! She believes that the reason why women don’t have the courage to join the leadership and dare not let go of their dreams is more due to their inner fear and self-distrust. In her book, she encourages all women to boldly "sit at the table", take the initiative to participate in dialogue and discussion, and express their thoughts.
No.66 Rockefeller’s 38 Letters to His Son
John D Rockefeller (with)
It truly records Rockefeller’s achievements in creating wealth myths. From the book, people can not only see Rockefeller’s excellent moral character and excellent business ability, but also get a glimpse of the strategies and secrets of a generation of super-rich people to create wealth.
No.67 "the foundation will last forever"
James collins/Jerry Poles (with)
This book breaks old myths, provides novel insights and provides practical guidance for entrepreneurs who are interested in building great companies that can stand the test of time.
NO.68 Influence
Robert ·B ·Siodini (with)
In the book Influence, psychologist Dr. Robert B. Siodini explains why some people are very persuasive and we are always gullible. The six psychological secrets hidden behind impulsive obedience to others are the root of all this. Those persuasion experts always use them skillfully and let us submit.
NO.69 The Great Game: The Rise of Wall Street Financial Empire (1653-2011).
John ·S ·Gordon (with)
This is a book about the history of Wall Street, and it is also a book about American financial history and economic history. The historical events it describes make us clearly see that, to a great extent, Wall Street has promoted the growth of the United States from a primitive and single economy to a powerful and complex economy. In every stage of American economic development, the American capital market represented by Wall Street plays an important role.
NO.70 Dialogue with God
Neil Donald walsh (with)
How can I get along well with others? What is the truth about love and sex? How to change your destiny when disaster strikes? Those puzzles in life may find the key to solving them from Dialogue with God.
NO.71 Psychology and Life
Richard Grieg (with)
Psychology and Life is a textbook used by Stanford University in the United States for many years, and it is also a classic textbook popularized in many universities in the United States. It is recommended by ETS as the main reference book for GRE psychology special examination, and it is also the textbook selected by "General Psychology" courses in many national universities.
NO.72 "Effective Managers"
Peter drucker (with)
Enlighten China’s modern management book, the desk that will be used for life must be read, and the knowledge workers must be effective and effective, which can be learned.
NO.73 From 0 to 1: Unlocking the Secret of Business and the Future
Peter teale/Blake Masters (with)
In this book, Peter Thiel, the founder of Paypal and the first external investor of Facebook, elaborated his own entrepreneurial course and experience, including how to avoid competition, how to monopolize and how to find new markets.
NO.74 Das Kapital
Karl Marx (with)
Marx devoted his life to writing a scientific work. It is regarded as the "Bible" of the working-class revolution, a profound encyclopedia of Marxism that integrates philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism, and an immortal theoretical monument in the history of human thought.
NO.75 Thirty Years of Agitation: China Enterprises 1978-2008.
Wu Xiaobo (with)
The author of "Thirty Years of Agitation" did not use traditional textbooks or history books to write this book, but stood on the folk point of view and described the growth and development of China enterprises in the era of reform and opening up to the market and the world with real and exciting writing techniques.
Children class
No.76Education of love
Edmondo de Amicus (with)
"Love" runs through every chapter, including the love of the country, the nation and the society, as well as the love of parents, teachers and friends. It is touching and touching everywhere, and it places the author’s beautiful yearning for the ideal world.
NO.77 The Lost Corner
Sheldon Silverstein (with)
"The Lost Corner" tells the story of a circle missing a corner, and it is looking for it while singing. Some corners are too big, and some are too small. It crossed the ocean, weathered the wind and rain, and finally found the corner that suits it best. They formed a complete circle, but the circle found that it could no longer sing, so it gently put down the corner it had found and went on its search alone …
NO.78 The Hungry Caterpillar
Eric Carr (by)
For more than 30 years, this caterpillar with a red skull and a green body, which crawled out of Eric Carr’s hand and walked high, has "swallowed" the hearts of more than 20 million children in the world. This is a picture book full of poetry and creativity.
NO.79 Guess how much I love you.
Sam mcbratney (text)/Anita Gelang (photo)
The whole work is filled with the atmosphere of love and happy childlike interest. The friendly and lovely image of the little rabbit, the story framework of the two rabbits competing with each other, the image and novel details are all very attractive to children.
NO.80 Andersen’s Fairy Tales
Hans christian andersen (with)
One of the most famous collections of fairy tales in the world, although the creation genre belongs to fairy tales, it contains rich philosophy of life.
No.81 Up and Down Five Thousand Years
Lin Handa/Cao Yuzhang (with)
Five Thousand Years Up and Down is a set of historical books with stories. In this set of books, the author chooses important and famous people and events, organizes and cuts them according to historical materials, and writes them in popular modern language, without description and description, basically without fiction. In this way, in terms of the vividness of the plot, it cannot but be limited by historical materials; For readers to understand history, the materials provided are reliable and well-founded.
NO.82 Harry Potter
J.K. Rowling (by)
"Harry Potter" is full of love and friendship. If "love" and "friendship" are not enough to make so many readers crazy, there is another reason, that is, J.K. Rowling has added magic to it, and the author and readers have a broader imagination space in the magical world created by Rowling.
NO.83 "Different carmela"
Christian Yoripova (with)
The story is about the adventures of carmela the hen and her children Cameli and Carmen. Everyone in the carmela family is so different. Dare to fantasize, but also dare to try things that others dare not think. The book is full of thrilling plots and French humor.
NO.84 The Little Prince
Anthony de Saint-Exupery (by)
Taking a pilot as the narrator, the book tells all kinds of adventures that the little prince experienced when he set off from his own planet to the earth. With the childlike eyes of the little prince, the author reveals the emptiness, blindness and stupidity of adults, and writes the lonely fate of human beings in simple and naive language, which has no foundation and wanders with the wind.
NO.85 The Adventures of Tintin
Herge (with)
The story is vivid, humorous, educational and enlightening, suitable for preschool children and primary school students to read.
NO.86 "Charlotte’s Web"
E.b. White (by)
A story about a spider and a pig, written for children and adults.
Tech
NO.87 "God and New Physics"
Paul davis (with)
The theme of "God and New Physics" is the so-called four existential questions: Why is the law of nature like this? Why is the universe made up of all kinds of things that are now made up? How did these things start? How did the universe get organized? At the end, the author gives tentative answers to these questions.
No.88 Hundred Years of Silicon Valley: Great Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship (1900-2013).
Alan Rao/pierrot Garuffi (with)
In chronological order, from radio technology, transistors, integrated circuits, to human genome, Internet and cloud computing, this paper describes in detail the major scientific and technological events that have taken place in Silicon Valley in the past 100 years.
NO.89 "Insects"
Fabres (with)
In the author’s pen, the insect world is so strange and full of vitality. Small insects abide by natural rules and make unremitting efforts for survival and reproduction. Spiders, bees, mantis, scorpions, cicadas, beetles and crickets are particularly brilliant and show amazing spirituality.
NO.90 From One to Infinity: Facts and Speculation in Science
George ·Gamov (with)
The work introduces some important progress in science since the 20th century in vivid language. First, I ramble about some basic mathematical knowledge, and then use some interesting metaphors to explain Einstein’s theory of relativity and four-dimensional space-time structure, and discuss the achievements of human beings in understanding the microscopic world (such as basic particles and genes) and the macroscopic world (such as the solar system and galaxies).
NO.91 "Top of the Tide"
Wu Jun (with)
"Top of the Tide" is not only a history book, but also tells about the development law of top technology companies, how Wall Street influences technology companies and the impact of the financial turmoil on the technology industry.
No.92 A Brief History of Time
Stephen hawking (with)
Hawking interpreted many profound cosmic problems in simple language, such as the nature of space and time.What exactly is time? Can time be reversed? Can I travel through the time tunnel? Is there an edge in the universe? Where did the universe originate and what will happen in the future? ……
NO.93 《DK Encyclopedia of Science
DK book publishing company (ed.)
The language of this book is easy to understand, the explanation is concise and incisive, and more importantly, there are few obscure scientific terms. In the book, the complex theories are disassembled in the form of charts, and the classic quotations quoted allow you to imprint scientific findings on your mind, while interesting illustrations will enhance your in-depth understanding of science.
NO.94 The Secret of DK Everything Working: An Introduction to the Physical World for Teenagers.
David Macaulay/Neil Adley (with)
The lovely and humorous mammoth will lead us into a fascinating physical world. It describes hundreds of principles of mechanical operation in a humorous way, showing the development process of physics from life, from simple cranes to high-tech networks. The words are simple and easy to understand, and the language is humorous. Even readers who don’t have any scientific common sense can suddenly realize the complex physical world. It is a necessary collection to stimulate young people’s physical enthusiasm.
No.95 A Brief History of Everything
Bill Blethen (with)
"A Brief History of Everything" is an easy-to-understand and fascinating book about the development history of modern science. With clear and humorous brushwork, the author puts many interesting stories from BIGBANG to the development of human civilization into his pen.
Art
No.96 The Story of Art
E.h. Gombrich (by)
One of the most famous and popular books on art. It generally describes the development process from the earliest cave painting to today’s experimental art, in order to clarify that art history is "a history in which various traditions are constantly circuitous and constantly changing, and every work in this history not only reviews the past but also leads to the future".
No.97The course of beauty
Li Zehou (with)
A Course of Beauty gives a general description and aesthetic grasp of China’s art and literature for thousands of years from a macroscopic perspective. Among them, it puts forward three aesthetic categories, such as the "dragon and phoenix dance" of primitive ancient art, the "twisted beauty" of bronze art in Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the "complementarity of Confucianism and Taoism" of rational spirit in pre-Qin Dynasty, the "romanticism" of Chu Ci, Han Fu and Han stone relief, the "awakening of man" in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the sculptures of Buddha statues in Six Dynasties, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, landscape paintings in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and poems, words and songs.
NO.98 A General History of Gardner’s Art
Fred ·S ·Crene (with)
A General History of Gardner’s Art follows Gardner’s basic framework, and explains the main idea of artistic development from the perspective of "panorama". The content of postmodern art from prehistoric times to the 20th century involves painting, sculpture, architecture, design, photography and arts and crafts, and reflects the holistic view and objectivity of balance of weights.
Lifestyle
NO.99 A good mother is better than a good teacher: a teacher’s notes for 16 years by an education expert.
Yin Jianli (with)
For the first time, the family education works were promoted to a professional level. The writing style is fluent and readable, which has changed the long-standing obscure phenomenon of educational works, and the breadth and depth formed in popularizing modern educational concepts are unprecedented.
NO.100 Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus.
John Gray (with)
A popular psychological self-help book that helps to improve the relationship between husband and wife, maintain a happy marriage, and make husband and wife go through the journey of life together.
– END –
Disclaimer: Some pictures and texts reproduced in WeChat official account are only for exchange and sharing, thanks for originality. If there is any infringement, please let me know and I will correct it in time.
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Reading | thinking | feeling
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Give time to reading.
Pan Xiheng, a journalist with extreme eyes
Photographic journalist Wang Yongsheng
Recently, a news that Zhengzhou South Railway Station was renamed as Zhengzhou Airport Station triggered the association of thousands of netizens in Wuhan: Is there any chance for Wuhan East Railway Station to be renamed as "Wuhan Optics Valley Station"? News reporters found that many netizens had sent similar inquiries on the Wuhan city message board within a few days. In this regard, China Railway Wuhan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. replied that the name of Wuhan East Station was determined by the procedures after considering the opinions of local governments. If it is necessary to change its name, it should be reviewed in accordance with relevant management measures and relevant procedures should be implemented.

Some citizens suggested that Wuhan East Railway Station be renamed.
On May 13th, China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. announced that the newly-built Zhengzhou South Railway Station will be renamed as Zhengzhou Airport Station on May 31st. This seemingly unrelated news has aroused the association of many Wuhan netizens. On the same day, some citizens posted on the Wuhan city message board that Wuhan East Railway Station could be renamed Wuhan Optics Valley Station with reference to the precedent of renaming Zhengzhou South Railway Station after listing.
In the past few days, there have been at least six similar suggestions on the city message board.
One of the netizens said that after seeing a citizen’s suggestion to rename Wuhan East Railway Station as Wuhan Optics Valley Station, he personally thought this suggestion was very good, and hoped that the relevant departments in Wuhan would actively fight for this matter with China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.. Because of its special geographical location, Wuhan should not simply distinguish the names of railway stations from the east, south, west and north. In fact, the location of Wuhan East Railway Station is not strictly regarded as the east of Wuhan, and Wuhan East Railway Station is not in the east of other railway stations in Wuhan. It seems inappropriate to call Wuhan East Railway Station. The purpose of renaming Zhengzhou South Railway Station as Zhengzhou Airport Station is to focus on making Zhengzhou Airport brand and expanding Zhengzhou Airport brand and airport economy. I hope Wuhan can follow this move and start the Optics Valley brand by naming the railway station.
Some netizens commented that after renaming Wuhan Optics Valley Station, the name of Wuhan East Station can be given to the future Beijing-Kowloon high-speed railway Xinzhou Station. Another netizen suggested that Wuhan East Station could be renamed Donghu High-tech Station.
It is understood that the station name of Wuhan East Railway Station was officially confirmed in August 2020. It was always called Guanggu Railway Station during the planning and construction period, and it was rebuilt and expanded on the basis of the original Liufang Railway Station.

High-speed railway station’s naming pattern has quietly changed.
Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone is listed as the "leading" of Zhengzhou’s national central city construction, the first national strategy of "three regions and one group" in Henan, the largest open brand in Henan, and a strategic platform to promote Henan’s integration into the global economic cycle. According to local media reports in Henan, China Railway Zhengzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. said that the name change of Zhengzhou South Station was based on Henan’s consideration of the strategic positioning, development prospects, service and travel of the newly-built Zhengzhou South Station, as well as the forward-looking planning of Zhengzhou city framework and Zhengzhou railway hub.
Jimu news reporter learned that at present, when naming new railway stations in China, if the place name has been used, most of them adopt the naming mode of "place name+orientation (east, west, north and south)", but Zhengzhou South Railway Station was renamed Zhengzhou Airport Station, which made many people think that the traditional naming mode of railway stations is quietly changing.
A veteran in the railway industry in Wuhan told a journalist that he personally thought that the name of Wuhan East Railway Station was not satisfactory and "supported the change to Wuhan Optics Valley Station".
Twenty years ago, Mr. Peng came to Han from other places. He told reporters that since he went to college in Wuhan, he witnessed the process of "Optical Valley" growing step by step. "The East Lake High-tech Zone is called China Optical Valley, which is not only the first batch of national high-tech zones, but also the second national independent innovation demonstration zone in China. It is a pity that a new railway station in the core area of Optics Valley has abandoned the word Optics Valley. "

Wuhan Railway Department responded in time.
In response to these suggestions from netizens, China Railway Wuhan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. replied on May 16 that the name of "Wuhan East Station" was determined by our group company after drafting the station name according to the relevant station name management measures, considering all factors and the opinions of local governments, and reporting it to China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. according to the prescribed procedures. If it is really necessary to change its name, it should be reviewed in accordance with relevant management measures and relevant procedures should be implemented.
As for the opening date of Wuhan East Railway Station, which many people are also very concerned about, the latest public reply of China Railway Wuhan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. is May 14th. The reply said: Wuhan East Station and its supporting projects belong to the intercity company under Hubei Railway Investment Company, and the Wuhan Bureau Group Company of China Railway built the Wuhan East Station on its behalf. At present, the construction of the station building is basically completed. For the specific opening time, China Railway Wuhan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. consulted Hubei Tietou Intercity Company, and replied that there are other construction projects that have not been completed and accepted, and the conditions for opening are not yet available.
Excerpts from netizens’ messages
1. The newly-built Zhengzhou South Railway Station in Henan Province will be renamed as Zhengzhou Airport Station, which means that it is possible to rename Wuhan East Railway Station as Wuhan Optics Valley Station. Wuhan East Railway Station has not been put into use at present, so it is suggested to start the renaming as soon as possible! At the same time, you can give the name of Wuhan East Station to the future Beijing-Kowloon high-speed railway Xinzhou Station, and publicize Wuhan on the Beijing-Kowloon high-speed railway to improve Wuhan’s popularity, because Xinzhou Station is the only station of economic high-speed railway in Wuhan, so it is necessary to make good use of it and the opportunity is rare. Wuhan should pay enough attention to it.
2. Zhengzhou Airport Port Area is similar to Wuhan Optics Valley, neither of which is the official administrative name, but Zhengzhou has successfully used the name. At present, Wuhan East Station has not been put into use, and the West Station has not yet been built. It is suggested that the Wuhan Municipal Government further coordinate the railway aspects and strive to rename Wuhan East Station as "Wuhan Optics Valley Station" (refer to "Zhengzhou Airport Station") and the new Hanyang Railway Station as "Wuhan Hanyang Station" (refer to "Beijing Fengtai Station"), which is in line with the public’s cognition and the Measures for the Administration of Railway Lines, Stations, Bridges and Tunnels.
3. In 2020, according to the original Measures for the Administration of Railway Station Names (2016 edition), Liufang Station, which was originally planned to be renamed Guanggu Station, was renamed Wuhan East Station, but the name Wuhan East is too broad to accurately reflect the location of the railway station, and it is easy to be confused with the existing Wuchang East Station (referred to as Wudong Station), especially because both of them have corresponding subway stations (Wudong Subway Station and Wuhan East Subway Station).
At the end of 2020, the new "Measures for the Administration of Railway Station Names" (2020 Edition) was promulgated, with this clause: "The local government where the station is located proposes that it can also be used as the name of the station when there is a naming basis after examination." This provided a theoretical basis for the renaming of Wuhan East Railway Station as Donghu High-tech Station or Optics Valley Station, and then the non-traditional station name of Yancheng Dafeng Station appeared immediately. However, as Wuhan East Railway Station has been listed, it seems impossible to rename it.
However, at present, the name of Zhengzhou South Railway Station, which has been listed and will be put into use, has been approved by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd., which shows that it is feasible to change the naming method of the listed and about-to-be-used station from "city name+location" to the naming method of functional area. Therefore, it is suggested that Wuhan East Station be renamed Donghu High-tech Station, which is not only a publicity for Donghu High-tech Zone, but also allows residents in surrounding cities to know more clearly where they are going to Wuhan by intercity train.
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